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So IOTL Stenka Razin was an enormously successful and prestigious Cossack in late 17th century Russia. In 1670 he revolted against the Czar (well, technically for the Czar to free him from the nobles and bureaucrats, but..) and had much of Southern Russia revolt along with him, with most forts and cities arresting their governors and opening the gates when he approached.

OTL he went on an expedition to capture Astrakhan, which he did fairly successfully before being bottled up at Simbrisk until he was defeated by loyalist forces. The defeat destroyed his prestige and therefor the unifying factor of the rebellion, which turned into a bunch of local serf and city uprisings that were crushed one by one.

So lets say Simbrisk opens its gates like all other fortresses, and Razin reaches the Don basin and the heart of the rebellion by the time the Czar's troops are marshalled, allowing him to defeat them through force of numbers and march on Moscow with his almost Messianic reputation intact. From his activities on campaign, he does seem to have genuinely wanted what he said he did, as he established Cossack republics in all the towns he seized and freed all the peasants he marched by.

So yeah, what happens if he takes Moscow and the Czar? How would Russia develop?
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