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Suppose that, somehow, Rome and Carthage were united politically. Three conditions:

- It must not be done by conquest of one by the other.
- While absolute equality between the cities is not necessary, the weaker city should be relatively autonomous in its internal affairs, and have some say, however small, in the affairs of the polity as a whole. Compare to the Social Allies of Rome in Italy, but better off.
- Generally speaking, both cities should consider this arrangement to be acceptable under ordinary circumstances.

As for how this happens, thats the big question. The simplest explanation would probably be Alexander or Pyrrhus causing the two cities to strengthen their relations with each other. As it was, the two cities did have a treaty dealing with the possibility of an alliance against Pyrrhus.

So, lets play with this.
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