In the 2nd-6th centuries, the Arabian world changed significantly. The Kindite federation in the Najd, Himyar in Southern Arabia and the Lakhmids and Ghassanids in the North accumulated power, conducted wars, sometimes against each other. Various brands of Christianity became popular, and Judaism spread, too.
Much of this was shaped by the Roman and Sassanid Empires and their conflicts.
how would Arabia have developed pre-Islam if th ere had not been this conflict, e.g. because one Empire had triumphed over the other?