Coffee taxes (and prohibitions!) have historically exsted, even as special duties that went beyond the (indeed quite common) duties on tea, alcohol etc.
Of course, those "normal" duties existed because the idea of a general duty wasn't as common yet. It's likely that tea duties etc. will still get replaced by general tarriffs and VAT systems. But special duties on particularly "harmful" things have long existed, too, and continue to exist. Alcohol is the obvious candidate, but coffee is another candidate. Some things that have been made illegal in OTL (coca drinks, kola drinks, opiates...) could just be taxed and regulated instead.