The scientific revolution is an extremely difficult concept to define, but for the purposes of this thread I'll simply define it as the notion that the natural world ought to be studied in order to bring about technological advances for human benefit. Before the scientific revolution, people studied nature primarily as a means of gaining insight into the nature of God, and technological progress was largely carried out by trial-and-error, without input from natural philosophers; since the scientific revolution, of course, scientific study has been a major driver of technological progress, and this is widely considered the proper and normal state of affairs.
So, what if people didn't start regarding natural philosophy as a means of driving technological progress? How far do you think technology would have advanced by 2019, and what would society look like?
A hundred thousand 'Barbegal Mills' spread across six continents, world population one to three trillion.*** War with edged weapons. Weaving would advance and clothing improved but color 'chemistry' would stay limited to plants and the visual world to earth tone colors. It would be dark and fuel consumption would become the great resource crisis; coal would
have to replace wood (by trial and error I guess) but would never advance to oil (combustion).
(Does the burning of coal allow for the steam engine to get engineered without a natural science foundation, via trial and error, or do they just burn coal to stay warm and continue to use only moving water for energy?)
No concept of conservation arises and they exploit several major resources to exhaustion; over fish and crash rivers and seas on a regular bases; over farm lands; limitations of natural fertilizers creates a population ceiling; Malthus scare is real but of course Malthus wouldn't notice.
Slavery, race based, economic, nationalistic, would be commonplace.
*** With no modern medicine the world population would swell and collapse at extremes; pandemics and epidemics take out 50% of existing populations at regular intervals, but with food production being what they are best at, they will recover the population quickly, only to repeat the tragedy. There would be times when you would just have to step over a whole lot of corpses.