Agaian, there seem to be a lot of blithe assumptions regarding soviet jet engines of the era. In SSP: Bombers the author says clearly (and this was a surprise even to me) that the VK1 was started BEFORE they ever got any Nenes, intended as a soviet equivalent to it yes, but the VK1 was designed to be more powerful anyway. When they got the Nenes they altered a few relatively minor things on the VK1, but the major components were kept. The main thing they got that was useful was the Nimonic alloy. So in a nutshell without Nenes and Derwents the soviets will accelerate VK1, TR2 etc. and fully concentrate in ironing their bugs. This can well result in a slightly delayed MiG-15 to say 1948 but built as a MiG-15bis, with a VK1 from the start, which is actually worse for the americans.
The downside for the soviets is that perhaps initially at least the VK1 will not have the TBO it had but say half that or something, but it will still be perfectly usable, and it's not like the soviets don't have enough planes to swap around. Perhaps they will also NOT close Sukhoi OKB, which was closely working with Lyulka and his engines (TR1/2/3 etc.) and they might get to built the Su-17 (first use of the designation), rather than cancel it which again is bad for the americans, hell as a soviet wank you can have MiG-17s and Su-17s fighting in Korea in 1952-1953 against the by now badly outclassed F-86.
So yes, in a nutshell you can argue that RD-45 and RD-500 might have set BACK soviet jet engine industry, without them all those resources would be poured into getting VK1 ready earlier than OTL and fixing the TR1/2/3 series issues. Btw TR2 was cancelled in 1947 because of the Nene availability, which perhaps cost Lyulka valuable experience in ironing out issues with his engines.