A couple months ago, I happened across
this law review paper which argues that
Chisolm v. Georgia upheld the Revolutionary view that the people, not the state, was sovereign. In OTL, even though the Eleventh Amendment doesn't say anything theoretical, that view's been largely overridden. (The paper argues that it should be brought back.) In TTL, however, I think that line of thought could easily lead to decisions going against state rights citing
Chisolm as precedent. Since the Bill of Rights isn't incorporated against the states (though some later abolitionists iOTL argued otherwise...) it would be very different from the OTL cases against state rights.
I'll need to read the essay again and
Chisolm to see just what could be brought out of it, but the TTL US could turn out quite different.