OK, so forget Ceylon. How would this affect the rest of the 19th century? How might Africa be divided in this TL? How would the Dutch East Indies develop?
First thing that would happen is that Britain founds a colony pretty close to the Cape Colony to have its own Halfway station to India, most likely at Natal, although Madagascar or Mauritius might be an option, maybe even Kenya, although I think that might be too far away.
Second thing would be the Boer Trek. If the British don't control the Cape colony, the Boer Trek would be on a lot smaller scale, altough it might not be absent all together. If it happens it would be more comparable to the american expansion west than creating independent Boer countries.
I don't think we'll see a large difference at the Dutch East Indies, unless we change the European situation (for example Dutch Belgium or Flanders). There is always a chance the Dutch gain all of Borneo. There is a possibility with a POD around 1806 that Singapore isn't founded and that could mean that malaysia ends up part of the Dutch East Indies. If that's the case the Dutch must gain Penang (besides bencoolen) in a trade with the British somehow. I am not sure if the Dutch colonies in India are worth both Bencoolen and Penang. Could be interesting though if the Dutch don't gain Bencoolen in Indonesia though. Still OTL is the most likely situation.
The most likely change in Dutch colonization is Ghana/Dutch Gold Coast. If the Netherlands still controls the Cape colony it is less likely to give up its part of Ghana. There was some discussion OTL, but in the end money won over nationalism. With a larger Dutch interest in Africa, a Dutch Gold Coast is a lot more likely.