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OTL, Muhammad died after a short illness in AD 632. The ambiguity of succession following his death led to the power struggle between factions for Muhammad's son-in-law (quasi-inheritance) and his father-in-law (elective), leading to the split between Shia and Sunni.
WI Muhammad had left a clear designation as to his spiritual and temporal successors (not necessarily the same person)? Would Islam today be undivided, or would some other power struggle, disguising itself as an ideological rift, inevitably manifest?