More central planning, more state control of the economy, fewer batshit insane ventures like the Great Leap Forward or the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, for starters. Instead of being the random collection of lunacies that it was during the later Maoist era, China is likely to be a rather staid and boring Communist state for the foreseeable future. Doubtless we'll see the Second Five-Year Plan fully implemented in 1958, coming on the heels of the more or less wildly successful First Five-Year Plan. Although Liu Shaoqi's position as Mao's designated successor isn't as strong as it would have been had Mao kicked the bucket a few years later, I don't see anyone else rising to the top in the short term. Further, given that you've butterflied Peng Dehuai's downfall, you've also moved towards a more professional and less political People's Liberation Army, which means less Lin Biao, which is always a good thing. It's also likely that China and the USSR bury the hatchet, at least in the short term, which means more Soviet aid (a good thing) and much more adherence by the PRC to the Soviet line in foreign affairs, now that Mao is out of the picture. In short, China will be more communist.
In the short and the medium term, this shouldn't be considered a bad thing. As noted earlier, the First Five-Year Plan was pretty successful, all things considered, though characterized by an over-reliance on heavy industry (fairly sure though not positive that the Second Five-Year Plan hoped to address that imbalance in some regard). Also, China really has nowhere to go but up at this time, assuming that you don't tell a few hundred million peasants to go out and make steel in the backyard instead of, you know, growing crops. Thinking long term, and disregarding the thirty-plus years of butterflies that will have accumulated, assuming that the Warsaw Pact nations collapse in the late 1980s and early 1990s as per OTL, one wonders what the reaction in China would be. Without the GPCR as a sobering reminder of what student movements can turn into, perhaps the leadership takes a more lenient line towards any sort of alt-Tiananmen with overtones of May 4th Movement that develops. Or perhaps not. This is really all a bit stream of consciousness, so I'll stop talking now.