All that the troops in the PI can do is tangle up Japanese forces for as long as possible. A rational defense plan (no attempt at stopping on the beaches just delaying), proper response to the PH warning & use of AF assets, moving supplies to Bataan earlier, perhaps moving some troops/stuff to southern islands & setting up a separate command that can't be surrendered from Luzon would all mean it takes longer and more Japanese effort to take the PI, more Japanese casualties and equipment loss.
The reality is that all the troops and every bit of equipment the USA has in the PI except for ships that can escape and a few troops that were evacuated are a total loss. However if you delay the surrender of Bataan/Corregidor by 2 months (and even then the surrendered troops not so starved so a better chance of survival as POWs), and have a campaign in the southern islands this costs the Japanese time, troops, equipment, and fuel that they cannot afford to lose. All of this can be done by MacArthur without a single bit of "extra" stuff coming from the USA. It is entirely possible that some resupply might reach troops in the southern PI, not enough to prevent eventual loss but enough to drag it on longer...