WI Henry VI had a daughter

As Warwick's relationship with Edward collapsed in 1469 and say he holds off the marriage of Clarence and Isabel Neville that year (the King was against the match anyway). Which means Clarence is still available when Warwick cuts his deal brokered by Louis with Margaret of Anjou. Then you might get a double wedding in 1470 - Isabel Neville to Edward of Westminster and Catherine of Lancaster to George of Clarence.
Under those circumstances George is going to be a much bigger threat in the 1470s and given his own high handedness might find himself short by a head sooner rather than later - much will depend on whether he consumates the marriage and produces an heir (Catherine will be 12 ish at her marriage so if George can last as long as in otl it is likely they might have a child).
Under that it is far more likely that Edward will posthumously attaint Warwick and grab the whole estate for the crown - if Richard still marries Anne Neville the couple may be granted some of her father's northern lands (an attainder would protect the lands Warwick held in right of his wife who was still living and those would still be able to pass to Anne and Isabel on her death).
Assuming Edward IV dies on schedule then Richard will find it much harder to usurp the throne because deposing Edward V is going to give the rag tag of surviving Lancastrians a real obvious candidate (who is in England) and who has a claim in both the York and Lancastrian lines. It might be safer for Richard to allow his nephew to rule.

The problem I see with your scenario is that George turned against his brother because Edward IV said no to allowing George to marry Isabel. He sided with Warwick and married Isabel in secret in Calais. If Warwick doesn't marry Isabel to George then George has no reason to betray his brother.Warwick would also be less inclined to arrange a marriage that doesn't directly benefit him. George has no reason to be loyal to him so why would he help secure a good marriage for him?
 
It may well be the case that Louis would rather she stayed in France but he was also keen on a Lancastrian restoration and pulling a Yorkist prince onside by marriage was an easy way of guaranteeing George's support against his brother - i think most of us are aware that MofA was keen Anne Neville and Edward of Westminster's marriage was not consumated I have no doubt it may well have been put aside had they won at Tewksbury.
I suspect the same if you get a Catherine/Clarence marriage.

As to Catherine staying in France - after the Lancastrian's initial success and the readaption and Edward IV's flight to Burgundy MofA is going to insist on her return to England even if she had left her behind.
Of course Louis could have refused and offered to marry Catherine to one of his nearer relations - his brother was unlikely but his cousin Orleans was still available.
A marriage with Charles the Bold is unlikely given he married Margaret of York when Catherine would be about 8.

As you pointed out Margaret of Anjou was not interested in Edward of Westminster and Anne Neville's marriage being consummated because she did not like the marriage, it wasn't the most prestigious that Edward of Westminster could get. MoA was going to quickly dissolve the marriage as soon as she no longer needed Warwick, she would not likely marry away her daughter too if she could help it, she'd be interested in marrying her to a prince.
Louis XI wouldn't be necessarily interested in marrying Catherine into his family mostly because Lancaster did not have a secure hold on the throne. No one would want to marry a worthless princess.
Like you said, MoA would want to keep Catherine close, partially to appear united in front of the people and to control what would become her most valuable bargaining chip.
 
You could also make Catherine of Lancaster a bit older than her brother Edward. Her parents were certainly married long enough for them to have a child before Edward. I don't know if Henry VI was up for fathering more children after his first breakdown during MoA's pregnancy.

It isn't unreasonable to say that George has had pretensions to the throne before he felt slighted by Edward. He would ally with anyone he thought could advance his chances of being crowned King. But if you want Catherine of Lancaster to go far you will avoid marrying her to George because his stupidity will get him killed sooner or later.
 
Catherine of Lancaster could easily be betrothed to James III in 1460 instead of Edward of Westminster to James's sister. This could cause more problems for the Yorkist if there is someone else is demanding her hand. It would depend greatly on whether Scotland would want to pursue Catherine.
 
1471- In the aftermath of the Battle of Twekesbury Edward IV is faced with an annoying problem, what to do with the daughter of Henry VI, Princess Catherine? The reconciled Lancasterian lords were calling for the restoration of the Duchy of Lancaster to Catherine. While the lands were her family’s regardless of their claim to the throne but Edward was not willing to concede this point since he wanted the sizable income the title came with. Legally they were right, there hadn’t been any attainder against her father the simple minded King Henry and with both him and her brother dead she had some claim to the land and title but as king he had to confirm her right. And while he would have ignored the nobles’ demand and declare the title extinct and fold the land into the crown, the French had caught wind of this demand. Now negotiations with the French were revolving less around Elizabeth’s marriage to the Dauphin but around Catherine and her marriage. The King of France was “concerned” about the future at his “dear cousin”. He was looking for her rights to Lancaster acknowledged and suitable husband found before he would even entertain the idea Elizabeth marrying his son. Edward was frustrated, he had no intention of letting Catherine marry ever and the King of France had to know this. If he wanted his daughter to be Queen of France one day he needed to find a solution that not entirely detestable but who?
 
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A marriage in Scotland or to the Duke of Buckingham might also yield interesting results, succession-wise..
 
At the same time the two royal dukes were feuding over Richard of Gloucester's desire to marry Anne Neville. George, the Duke of Clarence was in no mood to share his wife's inheritance causing considerable friction between the brothers. Edward has no time for his brothers petty bickering right now, he is trying to repair relations with France in hopes of preventing any further support to exiled Lancasterians. Louis XI is known for his political machinations. He has already seized upon the Catherine problem, Edward does not need Louis seizing upon strife in the royal family. All Edward's problems reach a head in July of 1471 when in front of the the assembled court the king announces that he wishes for his brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester to marry Catherine, daughter of Henry VI, who will be granted the title of Duchess of Lancaster. This solves two problems in one solution: This will end the bickering between his brothers by granting Richard suitable lands and leaves the Neville inheritance in George's hands and he will appease the French and Lancastrian sympathizers in his court.
Richard is crushed to hear the news, he is truly in love with Anne Neville. He is heard promising his close friends that he will marry Anne in secret... and against his brother's wishes if that what it took!
No record of what the young princess may have thought of the arrangement have survived.
 
A marriage in Scotland or to the Duke of Buckingham might also yield interesting results, succession-wise..
I Don't see a marriage to Buckingham as being very likely. Margaret of Anjou or Edward IV would not see him as the most trustworthy person to marry Catherine to as he has his own claim to the throne. There is also the matter of Buckingham's marriage to one of Elizabeth Woodville's sisters, I'm not sure when that occurred.
 
Buckingham was betrothed to Catherine Woodville (probably EW's youngest sister in the late 1460s).
It is likely they were both children at the time (their first recorded child was born in the late 1470s).

Negotiations with France did not formally happen until after Edward's abortive invasion in alliance with Burgundy in 1475. Edward was effectively bought off - and the betrothal of the dauphin and Elizabeth of York was concluded enabling Louis to tackle Burgundy (now without his English ally and brother in law).

In the early 1470s there are just no senior Lancastrian Lords left with the power or wherewithal to challenge Edward IV on behalf of anyone.

Assuming Catherine of Lancaster is in his custody along with her mother - then the most likely outcome is she is seperated from her mother and possibly placed in the houshold of Elizabeth Woodville. Margaret of Anjou was initially held in the tower but then was sent into effectively a very loose household arrest at the home of the Duchess Dowager of Suffolk Alice Chaucer (a friend and also mother in law to Edward's sister Elizabeth).

Catherine of Lancaster is nominally co-heiress to the lands of her great grandmother Mary De Bohun (first wife of Henry IV).

With regard the Duchy of Lancaster - Henry IV had declared it was seperate to the crown and was to be held by his male heirs - in 1461 it had by Edward IV been confirmed as seperate but to be held by his descendants as King of England.

There are other candidates for Edward to marry the child off too if he doesn't want to keep her free for any potential rebel to grab.

His step sons - Thomas Grey - he had been married to Edward's niece ANne Holland in order to endow him with her inheritance - she died in infancy sometime in the early 1470s and he then married Hastings step daughter the very wealthy Cecily Bonville.
Marrying him to Catherine guarantees a safe loyal husband for her - and endowing her with some of the de Bohun inheritance would provide for him.
Richard Grey the younger brother of Thomas is another option.

The Queen's brother - Anthony Second Earl Rivers is a good candidate loyal and highly regarded by the King and his first wife dies in 1473.

A marriage to his step sons or brother in law would effectively neutralise her potential for danger.

Of course I wouldn't rule out him keeping her in the household and betrothing her to the Prince of Wales - despite the age difference - she will still be in her twenties when the prince is of an age to consumate the marriage after all.
 
I merely think Catherine is going to end up in a very awkward position - much like the Old Pretender and his sister: too important to marry just anyone, not important enough to marry anyone else.

As long as Catherine is alive - esp. if she has a personality similar to her mother - she's a threat to the Yorkist cause. She marries Clarence/Gloucester - Edward sits with the problem of her kids having a better claim to the throne than his. If she marries a foreign prince (more likely), she'll have the armies of Scotland/Anjou/France/wherever at her backs, and I'm pretty sure she'll promise her husband the crown matrimonial if she can become queen of England.

The best option for her, should she be captured at Tewkesbury/after/in English France - "get thee to a nunnery". She'd be relatively safe there as long as Edward is safe on his throne. Nunnery means no children - ergo, no half-Lancastrian sprats to perpetuate the wars of the Roses.
 
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