This wouldn't exactly work. The US military of the period was tiny. What the US had was State Militias and in the case of the South local Slave Patrols. Given how decentralized this system is, and the fact that militia could not be deployed outside of their state unless the state consented, a major military defeat of the regular army abroad would not effect this. To actually do this, you need a major defeat on US soil, which basically means ACW, or large scale European invasion
Even then the chances of pulling this off are tiny, Haiti is the only successful slave revolt known to history.