So, suppose that the French navy is successful in defeating the English at Sandwich in 1217 AD, and then manages to support a landing force in England to supply (future king) Louis VIII's forces. What happens next?
Will Henry III continue his rebellion? If he does but is still defeated, where will he flee to?
If the Capetian French manage to conquer England, what will happen to English culture, language, and political structures?
Will England be ruled as an appanage of the Capetian French king? If so, then for how long can this personal union last? I suppose this "Capetian Empire" would be a force to be reckoned with in European politics for quite a while.
What happens to the remaining Plantagenets? Scotland? Ireland?
 
Will Henry III continue his rebellion? If he does but is still defeated, where will he flee to?
Probably continues and eventually flees to Scotland.

If the Capetian French manage to conquer England, what will happen to English culture, language, and political structures?
Not much immediately. The political structures are all French anyway.

Will England be ruled as an appanage of the Capetian French king? If so, then for how long can this personal union last? I suppose this "Capetian Empire" would be a force to be reckoned with in European politics for quite a while.
It creates a union of the crowns that will last until the nobles of one crown make the other untenable.

What happens to the remaining Plantagenets? Scotland? Ireland?
Aren't really many of those since Henry is childless.

As the generations go I suspect we see English Duchies made in the French mode earlier but the Capetians try to impose the Royal English centralisation onto France.
This could release the periphery more. Any surviving Anglo-French union might be limited to the English south and French north.
 
Probably continues and eventually flees to Scotland.


Not much immediately. The political structures are all French anyway.


It creates a union of the crowns that will last until the nobles of one crown make the other untenable.


Aren't really many of those since Henry is childless.

As the generations go I suspect we see English Duchies made in the French mode earlier but the Capetians try to impose the Royal English centralisation onto France.
This could release the periphery more. Any surviving Anglo-French union might be limited to the English south and French north.

We still have the captive Eleanor of Brittany at this point.
 
I question the premisse to be frank, even with a french victory at Sandwich Prince Louis is still deprived of its main asset (the fact everyone hated John Lackland and that he was rather intransigeant as far as the Magna Carta was concerned) and has to handle the fact that the Papacy is putting all its weight in the balance to favor Henry III.

To top all that, Louis had also just lost a significant portion of his army at Lincoln.

Sandwich was the death blow but Louis cause was already in trouble by that point.
 
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