Japan went from 70 to 130 million, South Korea went from 20 to 50 million, Russia also nearly doubled, the USA too but the USA always had some immigration.
South Korea had lower development levels and higher birthrates; it also had a lot of catch-up growth in life expectancy. I think this was also true of Russia.
Elsewhere, there was demographic momentum from past population growth. If your population has been growing for the last few decades, and your TFR drops to replacement level now, then you'll still have population growth: the number of babies born every year is approximately the same as the number of people in each cohort of child-bearing age, but the number of people dying of old age is much smaller, since past population growth means the 80-year-old cohort is smaller than the 30-year-old cohort. This way, European countries with not much of a baby boom still had population growth in the postwar era. This was especially true of Japan, where the TFR was 6 until the 1920s and was still at 4 at the beginning of the war; even as Japan hit replacement TFR in 1957, it had substantial demographic momentum, since the dying cohorts, say people who were 70 at the time, were much smaller than the cohorts being born.
France had no demographic momentum. Its TFR hit replacement in the early 19c; its 19c population growth came from longer life expectancy, and not from growth in the size of birth cohorts. With higher birthrates than Japan throughout the postwar era, and a fair bit of net immigration, France has had less population growth.