They would have to beat the Portuguese. The Tamoios Confederation War came quite close, but that didn't work.
Also the Portuguese have a innate logistic advantage in that its faster for mainland Portugal to supply the colonies than it is for France.
Also, for the Portuguese, colonization is the main objective, while its a sideshow for France, and pretty much a protestant/hughenot effort.
France could really do better in Central and North America, maybe northern South America. But Brazil? The Portuguese straight-out #REKT every foreigner who ever tried to take it, and the ones they could't (the dutch), the luso-brazilians did it themselves.