WI Federick I of Austria lives?

Unfortunately Austria is too far removed for Frederick to be able to make good any of his wife's claims. Brittany would remain in the hands of her mother, Constance, whoever she remarried and whatever new heirs she produced. John would still be the preferred heir both in England and the continental possessions; an unknown and far-away Eleanor simply isn't worth risking your neck for.

How many - if any - children they would have is any guess, though it might well introduce some new options into the naming pool of royal/noble Germany: Eleanor, Arthur, Geoffrey and Richard being the most likely.
 
Wouldn't Frederick and Eleanor and there decendants still try to claim the throne as pretenders?

As much as King Stephen's family did (and in all honesty they were a lot nearer and had a far greater shot of inheriting than Eleanor in Austria). If John dies, then yes, there's a good chance, but with an adult male available, Eleanor would need a sizeable army to make her claims any good.
 
No, I mean like the Jacobite claim to the throne.

I'm not sure how common de jure and titles of pretence were in those days. Inheritance was often a messy business with no clear cut solution besides actual possession.

Did the Empress Matilda or Robert Curthose ever use the royal style? Or any of the medieval pretenders like the White Rose?
 
As much as King Stephen's family did (and in all honesty they were a lot nearer and had a far greater shot of inheriting than Eleanor in Austria). If John dies, then yes, there's a good chance, but with an adult male available, Eleanor would need a sizeable army to make her claims any good.
I really see a Nephew-Aunt marriage with dispensation in this one to settle the succession, the second son of Eleanor of Brittany and the eldest half sister of Eleanor marry or vice versa.
 
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