Big butterfly producing event.
I am going to assume that the disturbances and put down quickly and efficiently and never gain traction, as opposed the the Spanish winning a long war due to doing something like inventing breech loading rifles hundreds of years earlier.
1. There are no eight years war or its successors, so lots of people who died before reproducing live and lots of people who never come in existence or who die earlier because the war kept them from being executed or dying of some random disease or in some bar brawl. This is true with all PODs but this was a really long war.
2. Much better financial position for the Spanish Hapsburg monarchy. They may fritter it away on some other project, but now they can fritter it away on some other project that changes things. At least one more Treasure Convoy gets through than IOTL too.
3. The Counter-Reformation comes to the northern provinces in the Netherlands as well as the Southern provinces.
4. No Spanish Armada because without England aiding the Dutch rebels there is no real point.
5. The attempt to prevent Henri IV from becoming King of France still happens and may actually have more success.
6. The Spanish probably due more in the Mediterranean against the Turks which probably means several enclaves in North Africa that are eventually Christianized.
7. Amsterdam as a tolerant city where all sorts of smart eccentrics can go and do their thing doesn't happen.
8. The scientific revolution of the 17th century is delayed, reduced, or may not happen at all, same with all those great Dutch schools of paintings.
9. You will get Dutch exiles, particularly in England, so there is a strengthening of the intellectual lives of several Protestant countries.
10. With lots of Calvinist exiles in England and permanently, the English Puritan movement changes. Its probably both stronger and less radical. This affects the English Civil War in ways that are quite unpredictable. Anything from it not happening at all or a permanent Commonwealth and no Restoration are possible.
11. Butterflies hit early New England. The Plymouth Pilgrims are not going to try going to the Netherlands first at a minimum. The situation in England with the Puritans is completely changed, they may not feel any need to leave, they may not be allowed to leave, they may be replaced by Dutch exiles, or things can still develop IOTL.
12. Both the VOC and WIC are gone. That wipes out of history the Dutch settlements in the Hudson Valley, Surinam, the Cape, and Java among other places. Also no assault on the Portuguese Empire. Others, most likely France and England, will settle these places and probably pick off Portuguese colonies as well, but especially if its the French doing it these develop very differently IOTL.
13. Without the examples of the VOC and WIC, there is probably no EIC either, especially as England is spining off in a different direction.
14. No William III able to come over and help overthrow James II.
Other commentators raised the Holy Roman Empire and the Thirty Years War and that is probably the one part of European history in the 17th century relatively unaffected. The Thirty Years War started over Central Europe and the first outside powers to intervene were Scandinavian. The role of the Dutch was to keep the Spanish Hapsburgs occupied, but they intervened fairly effectively anyway, and actually more than held their own against France at first, I really don't think the war and subsequent events go that differently, but Louis XIV by 1700 is probably able to have a frontier further east than IOTL. But note that this assumes that the Spanish are not able to keep Henri IV off the French throne, with butterflies away Louis XIV completely, or extract major territorial concessions, which means greater French success later just reverses the TTL French losses.
So you still get the Treaty of the Pyrenees and associated marriages, however the French dynasty may be Guise and not Bourbon. The Spanish Hapsburg line still fails in 1700. However without the Dutch Republic its hard to see the anti-Bourbon coalition gelling. But again maybe in this situation there is no Bourbon dynasty, no marriages between the Hapsburgs or Bourbons, or for whatever reason Carolos iI leaves his empire to the Austrian Hapsburgs. At this point the butterflies have proliferated so that its hard to see further.
Its plausible in this timeline to have no or a much delayed industrial revolution -and it might start on the Continent this time- due to the effects on the Scientific Revolution and on England. I think the industrial revolution came just in time to save Europe from a nasty case of too many people/ not enough food. Again past 1700 it gets really difficult to see how things unfold.