The problem for the Plantagenet's ambition to succeed was political, not military.
Edward III and the Black Prince won all the victories they could hope. They did literally win an astounding series of victories. They had the enormous luck of facing incompetent french commanders.
And however they could not win the war militarily because England in the late middle ages, even including its french holdings (that at times were huge), just did not have the financial resources to conquer France and have them reckoned as king of France, nor even to retain the huge territories that the Valois ceded at the treaty of Bretigny.
Just consider that, after they had decently replenished their strength, it took the french barely 2,000 men to regain in less than a decade all the territories they had ceded.
It was the age when national consciousnesses were slowly but actually taking shape.
The defeat of Britain was scealed this context and in the Plantagenet's inability to devise the right political strategy.
There have been quite many examples in history where a superior military power eventually loses a war on the political field and is unable to hold in the long run all the territories it has conquered.
Consider emperor Trajan. He conquered all Mesopotamia but was politically unable to hold it because he had not devised a strategy that would win him the loyalty of the local ruling elite.
Consider how, on the contrary, Alexander the great and Seleucos I successfully won and kept control of the persian empire : by integrating the local elite and by turning themselves into persians living most of their time in the heart of the persian empire, ... etc.
Edward III happened to be one of the kings that made decisive advances ... in the emergence of english consciousness. He created a kind of english national army. He was the one who turned what could have remained a feudal war between 2 rival dynasts into a war that was fought as a national war.
Such a political strategy was doomed. One can't have himself accepted as king of an other kingdom if he acts and is perceived as the king of a foreign country trying to gain advantages for this other country at the expense of the country of which he wants to become king too.
Especially if the targeted country is 4 to 5 times as big (in terms of populations and wealth) as the would-be conqueror.
And Henry V understood this contradiction. That's why he devised a political king in order to try having himself accepted as the legitimate king of France by way of adoption.