The wind/sea currents would flow in the opposite direction, the day/night cycle would be shorter, and compasses would point south if the core was spinning the opposite way as well.
Europe would be much colder* since the gulf stream would likely swoop up Africa and curl westward towards the Americas. Because Europe has such a high latitude and the wind is pushing the cold air west from the Russian steppes, I wouldn't be surprised to see glaciation north of the alps. The Medeterranian would likely stay nicely habitable since their climate doesn't rely on ocean currents. There would be FANTASTIC fishing in the Bay of Biscay because of the upwelling of cold water there.
South America would have very dry, savanna terrain. The Amazon rain forest is almost completely gone, as is the Amazon itself as they both rely on the westerly winds. The human race might well evolve here instead of Asia. Again, the East coast would be much better for fishing while the West Coast (Particularly Peru) would be much worse. On the plus side for the West Coasters, they will be hit by a LOT of storms as the warm, water heavy air tries to travel up the mountains, condenses and rains down. Because the strip of land between the sea and the mountains is so thin, it might well be uninhabitable due to the constant flooding. It would contain a lot of biomass though.