It's pretty well understood by scholars that modern Judaism and Christianity both emerged from the same sectarian theological-political mess that was 2nd Temple Judaism under Roman occupation. Both come from the same roots. And in different ways, both were heavily influenced by Hellenistic and Roman philosophy.
(Notwithstanding Christian claims of supersessionism, modern Judaism is more explicitly a continuation of 2nd Temple Judaism and Christianity is more expressly a schismatic movement rejecting many of of the claims made by 2nd Temple Judaism. But this does not change the facts! Judaism and Christianity are often analogized to the Biblical story of Yaakov and Esau, by both Jewish and Christian thinkers. They are twin ideologies that shared as much as they differed.)
Christianity became the dominant religious movement in the Roman Empire and Judaism was relegated to an often-oppressed minority group. What if the reverse happened? What if Constantine (or another Roman emperor) adopted Judaism instead?
This would naturally avert all of the Ecumenical Councils that Constantine set into motion. This would also naturally avert the codification of the Talmud (which was contemporaneous with Constantine). But what would all of that look like? How would Judaism look as a Roman imperial doctrine, and how would Christianity look without the influence of state power?
(Notwithstanding Christian claims of supersessionism, modern Judaism is more explicitly a continuation of 2nd Temple Judaism and Christianity is more expressly a schismatic movement rejecting many of of the claims made by 2nd Temple Judaism. But this does not change the facts! Judaism and Christianity are often analogized to the Biblical story of Yaakov and Esau, by both Jewish and Christian thinkers. They are twin ideologies that shared as much as they differed.)
Christianity became the dominant religious movement in the Roman Empire and Judaism was relegated to an often-oppressed minority group. What if the reverse happened? What if Constantine (or another Roman emperor) adopted Judaism instead?
This would naturally avert all of the Ecumenical Councils that Constantine set into motion. This would also naturally avert the codification of the Talmud (which was contemporaneous with Constantine). But what would all of that look like? How would Judaism look as a Roman imperial doctrine, and how would Christianity look without the influence of state power?