WI China ruled by a khan (after Yuan)

Would it be possible for China fall into a khanate during the Ming and Qing era? What if the russians had supplied Jahangir Khoja, would he be capable of taking Beijing and forming a Khoja Khanate?
 
They turned into the Qing, so it is not valid
The Khagan of the Mongols also turned into Yuan,so it's not valid either.They were basically the same organization with a different name.There's simply no way a disorganized group could have taken China.If you look at the history of China,all of the nomad groups that posed a threat to China had significant organization.After some organization,these groups will generally drop the title of Khan/Khagan and call themselves emperors.
 
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PhilippeO

Banned
They never dropped the title Khan/Khagan. all Yuan and Qing Emperor still retain their title to the end, even when Mongolia no longer under their power. For that matter, Tang Emperor also claim that title.

I think by 1600 horse nomad would be at disadvantage against gunpowder empire. Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal, Russia, Ming and Qing begin to fight more effectively against nomad with gunpowder. even if you consider Mughal and Qing, nomadic horsemen, they only win with knowledge of gunpowder warfare. Dzungars genocide and defeat of various khanate by Russian show that horse archer no longer most advanced weaponry.
 
The Ming dynasty did fall to a khanate,it was called the Later Jin Khanate,aka the Qing Dynasty.

The Khagan of the Mongols also turned into Yuan,so it's not valid either.They were basically the same organization with a different name.There's simply no way a disorganized group could have taken China.If you look at the history of China,all of the nomad groups that posed a threat to China had significant organization.After some organization,these groups will generally drop the title of Khan/Khagan and call themselves emperors.

I think there's a considerable difference between the Mongol and Manchu conquests. For the Mongols, it wasn't until Kublai in 1271 that the Khanate declared itself the Yuan, after having conquered and ruling most of China for several decades. The Manchus on the other hand created their Chinese-based state of Later Jin first, and then conquered all of China (or the rest of China, depending on whether you view the 1616-1636 Liaodong and Manchuria as part of China).

The Manchu Qing rulers did call themselves Khans, but only in the context of their Mongol subjects, not their Chinese ones.

I would say it's essentially impossible for a true Khanate, one that lacks any sort of Chinese administrative structure, to conquer China post-Yuan. The benefits of a Chinese imperial system are too strongly engrained. Even if some steppe leader in Central Asia arises who is the equal of Genghis, unites his nomadic group, and conquers all of China, it would be extremely likely that he or his descendants would declare a Chinese dynasty at some point during the process.
 
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