Could you elaborate on this? From what I've been able to gather, Guevara's role in Cuba's economic policy, as President of the National Bank of Cuba and Minister of Industry, was heading the industry nationalizations and land redistribution policies.
This is a bit of an oversimplification, but Guevara is generally associated with the ideas that (1) the Soviet kolkhoz was insufficiently socialist:
"The Kolkhoz was a form of collective farm established in the late 1920s in the Soviet
Union, in which members of the farm, kolkhoznics were paid a share of the farm’s
product and profit according to the number of workdays they had invested.
Kolkhoznics were entitled to hold an acre of private land and some animals, the
product of which they owned privately.
"Guevara has two principal points of contention in relation to the Manual's
formulation about the Kolkhoz. First, he insisted that the Kolkhoz system is:
‘characteristic of the USSR, not of socialism’,23 complaining that the Manual:
‘regularly confuses the notion of socialism with what occurs in the USSR.’24 Second,
he argued that cooperatives are not a socialist form of ownership and that they
impose a superstructure with capitalist property relations and economic levers..."
and (2) that moral incentives should gradually replace material ones under socialism, voluntary labor serving an "educational" as well as economic function:
"Guevara recognised that the underdevelopment of the productive forces and the fact
that the Cuban consciousness had been conditioned by capitalism meant that there
was an objective need for the application of material incentives. But he insisted that
they should not be used as the primary instrument of motivation, because they would
become an economic category in their own right and impose on the social relations
of production. Direct material incentives and consciousness are contradictory terms,
he asserted...
"Guevara repeatedly argued that voluntary labour
had a pedagogical function which could be converted into: ‘a useful instrument to
accelerate along the path toward communism.’65 Participation in voluntary labour
reflected a rising consciousness acquired at work, a commitment to the socialist
transition project, the demonstration of a communist attitude that would carry the
masses along by its example.66 To forge this communist attitude, labour power had to
be expended without financial compensation. The incentive was moral, recognition
of an individual’s merit as a worker. A new society could not be built without
sacrifice. In addition, it was organised as a mechanism for closing the traditional gap
between manual workers and administrators or intellectuals, combating bureaucratic
estrangement from production, and heightening class awareness. Guevara told
MININD directors that: ‘more than 80% of us here come from the petit-bourgeoisie,
a class with distinct ideological scars which cannot be got rid of just because the
system changes. It takes constant ideological work to correct this.’67 That ideological
work was achieved through voluntary labour, particularly manual labour. Miguel
Duque Estrada de Ramos, Director of MININD’s Office of Special Issues, confirmed
that: ‘at that moment those of us from the petit-bourgeoisie were a majority and
voluntary labour helped us develop a social consciousness.’ Bureaucrats worked as
equals with factory or agricultural workers and directors got to know their
subordinates and could experience the problems of production first hand..."
http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2311/1/U615258.pdf
Again, I don't want to oversimplify: Guevara's ideas obviously could not have been adopted unless Fidel Castro himself found them attractive. Also, Guevara recognized that material incentives were still necessary for now, and his opponents conceded that eventually moral incentives should take a much greater role. But differences of emphasis and pace are not insignificant.