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The Eastern Roman Empire's influence over Venice, western Istria, and the Dalmatian cities of Zadar/Jadera, Split/Spalathos, and Dubrovnik/Ragusa waxed and waned over the centuries as the cities sought protection from the invading Franks, Lombards, and the Slavs. Eventually, its inability to protect its Adriatic possessions caused most of the cities to turn to the protection of others (Venice, Croatia and later Hungary). What if the Byzantines were better able to maintain their influence in the Adriatic and what would it require? How might this affect the history of Venice and Dalmatia?
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