There are two major obstacles to Clough succeeding at Leeds, even if he does take Taylor with him:
1) His management style was the opposite of Revie's in many ways. Revie's teams were meticulously organised, with detailed dossiers on opponents and complex tactical setups. Clough was more of a motivator - he set his teams up to play short passing, attacking football with a strong spine, then let the opposition worry about them. He wouldn't make a specific tactical change to counter a team, and wouldn't do Revie's dossiers. This worked brilliantly for him everywhere but Leeds - at Leeds, they were so used to Revie's methods that they would go into games feeling underprepared, and ended up struggling because of that. They would adapt to Clough's methods given time, but he might not get that time.
2) Even with Taylor's help he would struggle to win over the players. He was the anti-Revie, had criticised Leeds for their dirty style and thuggish tactics, and wasn't popular with the squad even before his "chuck your medals in the bin" moment. Johnny Giles was Revie's preferred successor, and the squad wanted him as well, so this, combined with Clough's abrasive personality, would make it difficult for him to win them over (though a few wins would've helped). Taylor can help a lot with this, though, and make it easier than in OTL.
If Clough was successful with Leeds, then there would be a few repercussions. One would be that they would partially lose the "Dirty Leeds" tag that still makes them so disliked, another is that they would not decline in the way that they did. For Clough himself, success at Leeds would mean a better chance of getting his dream job with England - he'd come with less baggage than he did in OTL and that might persuade the FA Board to appoint him. Clough with the England team of the late 70s and 80s would be very interesting - a motivator who can get a side playing for him can often do well in major tournaments where you only need one good run of form. He may even win something.