The main problem is that Russia, as an existing entity, defeats an Islamic takeover.
You could have an Islamic state west of Urals, mix of Turkish/East Slavic populations quite easily, but probably not Russia that was basically the mix of Christianisation of an East Slavic population.
If we're talking about an entity corresponding roughly to Russia, here's a take that I made
some threads ago.
Having a stronger, more cohesive Muslim caliphate on Middle-East at the same time you have a weaker Byzantine empire could do it.
Muslims traders DID travelled in OTL Russia, and great amounts of Abassids coins were found. So, the issue isn't there : it's more due to Constantinople being a trade magnet, a natural outcome of Volga/Don/Dniepr basin.
I would think that a Khazar Khaganate sticking up to its conversion to Islam, contrary to OTL, could be an interesting religious-political pole on this regard, eventually converting and holding an hegemony over southern slavic emporiae.
Bulgars, on the other hand and if the M-E trade proove being more incitative than Constantinople's, could deal (but it would be much harder) with Northern Slavs and Scandinavians.
The big problems are to make ERE that weak, and Constantinople far less rich, and doing that without disrupting entierly the trade network in Eastern Europe.