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When the Umayyad Caliphate fell to the Abbasids, the new government was able to take control of almost the entirety of their predecessor's lands. Given how large the Caliphate was, this is pretty impressive. How could it have gone differently, and what might have happened had the realm fractured more quickly than it eventually did?

To the first point, the Abbasids weren't the only ones to try to overthrow the Umayyads, so having the other revolts be more successful around the same time would be a starting point. Or, perhaps they face stronger challenges to their rule after the Umayyads are wiped out.
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