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OK, suppose either one of these happens:
1) the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 is won by the Ottomans.
2) Idem for the First Balkan War.
3) Ottomans neutral in WW I
4) Ottomans in a CP victory world, be it a) an early CP victory or b) late CP victory

I'll admit the firstone is pre-1900, but I wanted to put it in one post. The first one seems the most promising to me to avoid the Ottoman Empire becoming the 'Sick Man of Europe' in the first place. They could have won there if Enver Pasha had attacked the inferior Russian forces at Plevna and had destroyed the Russian bridge across the Danube instead of the rather passive attitude the Ottomans had IOTL. They made a number of mistakes.

As for the second, I'm not sure. In the third it seems to me the Ottomans can get some profit from trading with both sides and eventually discover oil in the late 20s or early 30s and become rich from oil money. Four is tough as they'll need to quell Arab rebellions in their empire thanks to Britain's actions, but I think they can do that and then expand at the expense of Russia which is still mired in civil war at this point. I doubt either the White forces or the Red Army can stop them if they want Azerbaijan (that's assuming we're talking about a late CP Victory, if Germany wins in 1914-15, the Ottomans might not get involved at all).

What do you guys think?
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