A few cruisers with quick firing and machine guns, backed up by a couple of pre dreadnoughts lobbing 12" shells for fire support work quite nicely.
Why the Chinese play cricket (an Imperial Federation timeline)
- Thread starter Miss Construction
- Start date
At the moment the Boxer Rebellion is pretty much as per OTL. It is about to take a really radical turn which will lead to China jumping the rails ITTL.
Up to this point Cixi's actions have shown fairly good political instincts, this one (actually taken from the OTL, she really did this) was pure insanity. As per the OTL there is no way this can end in anything other than utter disaster for China. What happens ITTL is quite different frrom the OTL.
What will happen is interesting. In many ways it's actually in the Great Powers interests to keep the old regime in power, it's really only Britain and the US who back reform in China.
This grouping will vitally important in the coming events. Opposition to the existing Qing regime is strongest in Southern China, particularly the Yue speaking regions centred around Guangdong.
I'm REALLY sitting on my hads to avoid spoilers, but I have given some pretty strong hints previously
You have the Empire facing major wars in Egypt, Southern Africa and China all at the same time. Resources will be stretched to the limit and a lot of deficiencies will be shown up. This year will result in a massive overhaul and reform of Imperial defence.
I can see this being a massive benefit for the Empire in the long run. It's going to force them to make military reforms and administration changes to better allow the Empire to operate. By WW1, I can see them being the most organised and capable at fighting a real world war.
Edit. Such as developing the colonies to be more self-sufficient for defence, rather then depending on Britain's navy.
Moving the Dominions toward self sufficiency in defence has been ongoing ITTL since the Hofmeyr Compromise of 1888, along with greater Imperial integration in security. When it comes to navies you already have a respectable RCN with two cruisers and six destroyers, and it will grow. You'll see an RAN soon too.
Guess that means the Dowager Empress will have a worse reputation than OTL given that she seems to be essentially dividing China into two camps at this point.
Her reputation will depend on where you are. But yes, she will be the woman who started a civil war which split Xhina in two. Oddly though she won't be the one who ended the dynasty.
July-Sept 1900: The fall of Beijing
~July-Sept 1900: The fall of Beijing
July 1900: After having completed the Morse in March, a further improvement of the Gymnôte type submarine, the French navy commission the Narval. Designed by Maxime Laubeuf, the Naval is essential a submersible torpedo boat armed with four torpedoes in Drzewiecki drop collars. In addition to her electric motors, she is powered by an oil fired steam engine for surface running and recharging her batteries and features a conning tower for improved surface navigation. The Narval will be the first submarine to incorporate all features of a modern submarine. The success of their first four experimental submarines will lead to the French ordering six further Gymnôte type and four Narval type submarines as their first true combat vessels.
July 1900: With the defeat of Admiral Seymour's expedition to Beijing, the Eight Nation Alliance gathers a force of over 50,000 troops and marines to relieve the Legations. Despite Austro-Hungarian, French, German, Italian and Russian objections to serving under an Asiatic commander, the British and US insist the expedition be led by Japanese General Yamaguchi Motomi, the most senior officer available. At the same time, 100,000 Russian troops launch an invasion of Manchuria. As it was discovered may Boxers required more than a single rifle hit to stop, the British have hastily issued their troops with Mk V hollow point rounds from Indian stocks. Yamaguchi's force will begin its advance with an attack on Tianjin. The Battle of Tianjin will be the fiercest of the campaign, with the allies suffering some 750 casualties, though the Chinese losses are far heavier. Despite their casualties, the Alliance captures the city, leaving the way clear for an advance on Beijing. During the advance the allied troops will be ruthless towards any suspected Boxer supporters, committing numerous atrocities.
July 1900: The corruption of Khedive Hamid Kamel's regime resulted in a rebellion which tied down a significant portion of the British garrison of Egypt during the Ottoman invasion. As a result, the British depose Hamid Kamel and take direct control of the country's administration.
July 1900: Supporters of the Guangxu Emperor arrange for his escape from house arrest in the Forbidden City. With his escape he gathers several hundred loyal troops and makes his way to Nanjing. There, with the support of the leaders of the Southeastern Provinces, with the exception of Yuan Shikai, he forms a his own government consisting of moderate reformers such as Li Hongzhang, Sheng Xuanhuai and Liu Kunyi, along with radicals such as Kang Youwei, Tan Sitong and Liang Qichao, with Zhang Zhidong as the new Grand Chancellor. The new government of the Emperor will be known as the Southern Qing. Yuan Shikai however, fearing retribution for his role in Cixi's coup in 1898, flees with a large part of his army, taking refuge in Shanxi Province under governor Yuxian's protection. The Guangxu Emperor's appointment of Zhang Zhidong, a Han Chinese, to the post of Grand Chancellor provokes strong opposition among many Manchu but is well received generally. He immediately issues an Imperial proclamation announcing his return to the throne and calling for the suppression of the Boxers. These actions infuriate the Dowager Empress, who orders his arrest and execution. However his proclamation finds wide support amongst Chinese radicals, including Sun Yat-sen and Kai Ho in Hong Kong, who formally request the governor for British assistance in transforming China into a parliamentary democracy.
July 1900: The early defeats in the Boer War and ongoing British manpower shortage has shown the current strength British Army is insufficient to deal with two major conflicts simultaneously, as well as highlighting many many shortcomings. In response the remaining single battalion regiments, the Royal Horse Guards, King's Horse, Royal Dragoons, Irish Guards and Cameron Highlanders are to raise a second battalion. Additionally, eight line infantry regiments are to be increased to four battalions, giving the army an extra three cavalry and eighteen infantry battalions. In the longer term, a commission is set up under Lord Elgin to investigate what reforms are required to address the shortcomings highlighted in the ongoing Boer and Anglo-Ottoman Wars.
August 1900: In an effort to foster some sense of national unity, the draft constitution drawn up by the French constituent assembly proposes creating a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarch, with the throne offered to Prince Louis-Napoleon. The Prince is currently a career officer in the British Army, having reached the rank of colonel and serving as a brigadier in South Africa. The Prince expresses his willingness to take the throne provided it is approved by the French people.
August 1900: With the US Army proving hard stretched to meet its new colonial commitments, Congress authorises an increase in strength from ten regiments of cavalry to fifteen and from twenty five regiments of infantry to thirty two. Additionally, each infantry regiment is authorised to raise a second battalion. This more than doubles the strength of the standing US Army.
August 1900: With his resumption of direct rule in Nanjing, the Guangxu Emperor again formally divorces the Empress Jingfang, despite her having fled Beijing with the Dowager Empress and promoting his Consort Keshun to Empress. Given the delicate situation with the ongoing Boxer War, he does not yet recall her from the safety of Kunming. However, she refuses to just sit idle and immediately begins working to build support for the Southern Qing in both Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces, proving to have no small amount of political skill herself.
August 1900: Despite delays due the focus on laying the Anglo-American cables linking Hawai'i and the US into the All Red Line, the trans Pacific Cable Company completes a new undersea telegraph cable linking Fiji to Hong Kong. This brings China into the All Red Line network.
August 1900: A force of 15,000 British and Indian troops under General Paul Methuen land at Gaza. While the landing is only opposed by some 8,000 Ottomans, it is poorly coordinated and executed. While a tentative beachhead is established, the British suffer heavy casualties. Despite receiving nearly 10,000 additional troops over the coming months, Methuen will be unable to breakout due to persistent supply difficulties and Ottoman reinforcements.
August 1900: Despite opposition by the Boxers supported by significant numbers of Chinese regulars, the forces of the Eight Nation Alliance finally reach Beijing and relieve the siege of the Legation Quarter. While the Alliance troops quickly seize the Forbidden City, the Dowager Empress and her supporters have already fled for Xi'an in Shaanxi Province, where she is joined by Yuan Shikai and his army. Despite the Guangxu Emperor's urging, the Alliance elects not to pursue her Nonetheless, the Alliance loots the Imperial Palaces and executes all suspected Boxers they encounter.
September 1900: With both Boer capitals now under British control and half the Boer army having surrendered, Lord Salisbury declares victory in the Second Boer War. With their apparent victory, the British begin redeploying troops to Egypt for operations against the Ottomans. Despite the end of conventional warfare in South Africa, over 20,000 remaining Boers refuse to accept defeat and move to guerilla warfare, hitting the British forces whenever they can. However a significant number of other Boers take service as scouts with the British. The families of these 'joiners' become immediate targets for reprisals by Boer guerillas. In order to protect these families, the British place them under armed guard in refugee camps known as Concentration Camps.
September 1900: With the Dowager Empress Cixi having fled, the Eight Nation Alliance recognise the restoration of the Guangxu Emperor to the Chinese throne, believing his administration will be more amiable to their demands than that of the Dowager Empress. Among the Emperor's first actions is to formally replace Ronglu, who has fled with the Dowager Empress, as head of the Chinese military with Li Hongzhang and order all Chinese force to fully suppress the remaining Boxers. While the Alliance recognises the Emperor's new administration as the legitimate government of China, they refuse to allow him to return to Beijing.
September 1900: With the Filipino and Cuban Rebellions having turned into brutal affairs, the US launches an extensive program of public works in their new colonies. The intention is both to improve their infrastructure and economic viability as well as hopefully reconciling the local populations to US rule. However on the military front, as many rebels especially in the Philippines have required multiple bullet hit to take down, the US introduces British style hollow point rounds for use in the Philippines.
September 1900: The Commonwealth of Australia Act, passed by the British Parliament in March is signed into law by Queen Victoria. The Queen initially had reservations about the name, connecting to the republican Commonwealth of Oliver Cromwell. Fortunately she is eventually convinced the word has other meanings and signs. The act creates a single federal state from the six Australian Dominions and will come into effect on the 1st January 1901.
July 1900: After having completed the Morse in March, a further improvement of the Gymnôte type submarine, the French navy commission the Narval. Designed by Maxime Laubeuf, the Naval is essential a submersible torpedo boat armed with four torpedoes in Drzewiecki drop collars. In addition to her electric motors, she is powered by an oil fired steam engine for surface running and recharging her batteries and features a conning tower for improved surface navigation. The Narval will be the first submarine to incorporate all features of a modern submarine. The success of their first four experimental submarines will lead to the French ordering six further Gymnôte type and four Narval type submarines as their first true combat vessels.
July 1900: With the defeat of Admiral Seymour's expedition to Beijing, the Eight Nation Alliance gathers a force of over 50,000 troops and marines to relieve the Legations. Despite Austro-Hungarian, French, German, Italian and Russian objections to serving under an Asiatic commander, the British and US insist the expedition be led by Japanese General Yamaguchi Motomi, the most senior officer available. At the same time, 100,000 Russian troops launch an invasion of Manchuria. As it was discovered may Boxers required more than a single rifle hit to stop, the British have hastily issued their troops with Mk V hollow point rounds from Indian stocks. Yamaguchi's force will begin its advance with an attack on Tianjin. The Battle of Tianjin will be the fiercest of the campaign, with the allies suffering some 750 casualties, though the Chinese losses are far heavier. Despite their casualties, the Alliance captures the city, leaving the way clear for an advance on Beijing. During the advance the allied troops will be ruthless towards any suspected Boxer supporters, committing numerous atrocities.
July 1900: The corruption of Khedive Hamid Kamel's regime resulted in a rebellion which tied down a significant portion of the British garrison of Egypt during the Ottoman invasion. As a result, the British depose Hamid Kamel and take direct control of the country's administration.
July 1900: Supporters of the Guangxu Emperor arrange for his escape from house arrest in the Forbidden City. With his escape he gathers several hundred loyal troops and makes his way to Nanjing. There, with the support of the leaders of the Southeastern Provinces, with the exception of Yuan Shikai, he forms a his own government consisting of moderate reformers such as Li Hongzhang, Sheng Xuanhuai and Liu Kunyi, along with radicals such as Kang Youwei, Tan Sitong and Liang Qichao, with Zhang Zhidong as the new Grand Chancellor. The new government of the Emperor will be known as the Southern Qing. Yuan Shikai however, fearing retribution for his role in Cixi's coup in 1898, flees with a large part of his army, taking refuge in Shanxi Province under governor Yuxian's protection. The Guangxu Emperor's appointment of Zhang Zhidong, a Han Chinese, to the post of Grand Chancellor provokes strong opposition among many Manchu but is well received generally. He immediately issues an Imperial proclamation announcing his return to the throne and calling for the suppression of the Boxers. These actions infuriate the Dowager Empress, who orders his arrest and execution. However his proclamation finds wide support amongst Chinese radicals, including Sun Yat-sen and Kai Ho in Hong Kong, who formally request the governor for British assistance in transforming China into a parliamentary democracy.
July 1900: The early defeats in the Boer War and ongoing British manpower shortage has shown the current strength British Army is insufficient to deal with two major conflicts simultaneously, as well as highlighting many many shortcomings. In response the remaining single battalion regiments, the Royal Horse Guards, King's Horse, Royal Dragoons, Irish Guards and Cameron Highlanders are to raise a second battalion. Additionally, eight line infantry regiments are to be increased to four battalions, giving the army an extra three cavalry and eighteen infantry battalions. In the longer term, a commission is set up under Lord Elgin to investigate what reforms are required to address the shortcomings highlighted in the ongoing Boer and Anglo-Ottoman Wars.
August 1900: In an effort to foster some sense of national unity, the draft constitution drawn up by the French constituent assembly proposes creating a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarch, with the throne offered to Prince Louis-Napoleon. The Prince is currently a career officer in the British Army, having reached the rank of colonel and serving as a brigadier in South Africa. The Prince expresses his willingness to take the throne provided it is approved by the French people.
August 1900: With the US Army proving hard stretched to meet its new colonial commitments, Congress authorises an increase in strength from ten regiments of cavalry to fifteen and from twenty five regiments of infantry to thirty two. Additionally, each infantry regiment is authorised to raise a second battalion. This more than doubles the strength of the standing US Army.
August 1900: With his resumption of direct rule in Nanjing, the Guangxu Emperor again formally divorces the Empress Jingfang, despite her having fled Beijing with the Dowager Empress and promoting his Consort Keshun to Empress. Given the delicate situation with the ongoing Boxer War, he does not yet recall her from the safety of Kunming. However, she refuses to just sit idle and immediately begins working to build support for the Southern Qing in both Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces, proving to have no small amount of political skill herself.
August 1900: Despite delays due the focus on laying the Anglo-American cables linking Hawai'i and the US into the All Red Line, the trans Pacific Cable Company completes a new undersea telegraph cable linking Fiji to Hong Kong. This brings China into the All Red Line network.
August 1900: A force of 15,000 British and Indian troops under General Paul Methuen land at Gaza. While the landing is only opposed by some 8,000 Ottomans, it is poorly coordinated and executed. While a tentative beachhead is established, the British suffer heavy casualties. Despite receiving nearly 10,000 additional troops over the coming months, Methuen will be unable to breakout due to persistent supply difficulties and Ottoman reinforcements.
August 1900: Despite opposition by the Boxers supported by significant numbers of Chinese regulars, the forces of the Eight Nation Alliance finally reach Beijing and relieve the siege of the Legation Quarter. While the Alliance troops quickly seize the Forbidden City, the Dowager Empress and her supporters have already fled for Xi'an in Shaanxi Province, where she is joined by Yuan Shikai and his army. Despite the Guangxu Emperor's urging, the Alliance elects not to pursue her Nonetheless, the Alliance loots the Imperial Palaces and executes all suspected Boxers they encounter.
September 1900: With both Boer capitals now under British control and half the Boer army having surrendered, Lord Salisbury declares victory in the Second Boer War. With their apparent victory, the British begin redeploying troops to Egypt for operations against the Ottomans. Despite the end of conventional warfare in South Africa, over 20,000 remaining Boers refuse to accept defeat and move to guerilla warfare, hitting the British forces whenever they can. However a significant number of other Boers take service as scouts with the British. The families of these 'joiners' become immediate targets for reprisals by Boer guerillas. In order to protect these families, the British place them under armed guard in refugee camps known as Concentration Camps.
September 1900: With the Dowager Empress Cixi having fled, the Eight Nation Alliance recognise the restoration of the Guangxu Emperor to the Chinese throne, believing his administration will be more amiable to their demands than that of the Dowager Empress. Among the Emperor's first actions is to formally replace Ronglu, who has fled with the Dowager Empress, as head of the Chinese military with Li Hongzhang and order all Chinese force to fully suppress the remaining Boxers. While the Alliance recognises the Emperor's new administration as the legitimate government of China, they refuse to allow him to return to Beijing.
September 1900: With the Filipino and Cuban Rebellions having turned into brutal affairs, the US launches an extensive program of public works in their new colonies. The intention is both to improve their infrastructure and economic viability as well as hopefully reconciling the local populations to US rule. However on the military front, as many rebels especially in the Philippines have required multiple bullet hit to take down, the US introduces British style hollow point rounds for use in the Philippines.
September 1900: The Commonwealth of Australia Act, passed by the British Parliament in March is signed into law by Queen Victoria. The Queen initially had reservations about the name, connecting to the republican Commonwealth of Oliver Cromwell. Fortunately she is eventually convinced the word has other meanings and signs. The act creates a single federal state from the six Australian Dominions and will come into effect on the 1st January 1901.
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If memory serves it also lead them to replace the New Army Revolver with the M1911 eventually since the Revolver didn't do much against the Rebels particularly the juramentado.
Given what happened OTL it makes sense though it will probably be more extensive than it was OTL since they will have the experience to draw on from both the Boer and Ottoman wars as well as the fighting in China.
The Reform process OTL was already pretty extensive with general staff being founded, Territorials being set up, a great deal of organisational and training reforms and a lot of standardization done on top of everything else.
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China currently has two governments, a conservative one headed by Cixi in Xi'an and a reformist one headed by the Emperor in Nanjing. Both are cobbled together coalitions of competing factions and neither is particularly stable. Watch this space lol
Very definitely was the reason for the adoption of the 0.45" The same reason the British stuck with the 0.455" both had problems with putting down charging locals. Though I should point out the US adoption of a hollow point round is an ITTL only thing, as is the British retention of the Mk V hollow point. But both the US and British use these as non standard rounds for colonial use only.
China has a lot of twists and turns in the next few years, and will end up quite radically different from the OTL. Vaguely similiar to the 3rd iteration but somewhat different.
France is still more or less on the OTL track, it starts to veer now though. the Third French Empire is shaping up more like the 4th Republic with a very significant far right element.
The reforms will be broadly similar to those of the OTL. The big difference ITTL is the Anglo-Ottoman War and the botched amphibious landing at Gaza. The differences will be centred the lack of troops and need for flexibility.
One other change I think maybe reniforced more stringently than OTL the importance of entrenchment and digging in as a form of protection since they are bound to run into more arty fighting the Ottomans as well as snipers down in South Africa fighting the Boers.
Also establishment of a more formal doctrine heck maybe bring in more to practice the concept of All Arms Battle theat was mentionied in the post Boer War world OTL in the Field Service Regulation Part 1.
Edit: I found this recently don't know if it will be handy for you but contains some useful infomation https://fieldserviceregulations.co....VICE REGULATIONS (1909,It was revised in 1912.
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Thank you, much appreciated. There is yet to come one major source of reform that's unique to TTL 😘
Imperial German Navy 1870 to 1904
Battleships
Sachsen class
7,700 tons, 4 (6) x 10.4" BL barbette, 10" Iron belt, 2" Iron deck, 13.5 knots SE FT Coal, low freeboard
- Sachsen, ordered 1874, laid down 7/1875, commissioned 10/1878
- Bayern, ordered 1874, laid down 5/1874, commissioned 4/1882
- Würtemberg, ordered 1874, laid down 11/1876, commissioned 5/1881
- Baden, ordered 1874, laid down 7/1876, commissioned 10/1883
Oldenburg class
5,600 tons, 4 (8) x 10.4" BL barbette, 2 (4) x 6” BL, 2 (4) x 14” TT aw, 12" Iron belt, 2" Iron deck, 13.5 knots SE FT Coal
- Oldenburg, ordered 1883, laid down 12/1883, commissioned 4/1886
Siegfried class
3,700 tons, 2 (3) x 10.4" BL barbette, 4 (8) x 3.5”, 2 (4) x 14” TT uw, 9.5" Compound belt, 1" Compound deck, 14.5 knots TE FT Coal, low freeboard
- Siegfried, ordered 1887, laid down 10/1888, commissioned 4/1890
- Beowulf, ordered 1887, laid down 11/1890, commissioned 4/1892
- Frithjof, ordered 1887, laid down 7/1890, commissioned 2/1893
- Heimdall, ordered 1887, laid down 7/1892, commissioned 4/1894
- Hilderbrand, ordered 1887, laid down 8/1890, commissioned 10/1893
- Hagen, ordered 1887, laid down 10/1891, commissioned 10/1894
- Odin, ordered 1887, laid down 11/1893, commissioned 7/1896
- Ägir, ordered 1887, laid down 4/1892, commissioned 1/1896
Brandenburg class
10,500 tons, 6 x 11", 3 (6) x 4”, 4 (8) x 3.5”, 2 (6) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 1 stn, 16" Compound belt, 2.5" Compound deck, 16.5 knots TE FT Coal
- Brandenburg, ordered 1889, laid down 9/1890, commissioned 11/1893
- Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm, ordered 1889, laid down 6/1890, commissioned 11/1893
- Weissenburg, ordered 1889, laid down 12/1890, commissioned 6/1894
- Wörth, ordered 1889, laid down 8/1890, commissioned 10/1893
Kaiser class
11,600 tons, 4 x 9.4", 9 (18) x 6”, 6 (12) x 3.5”, 2 (6) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 1 stn, 12" belt, 2.5" deck, 17 knots TE WT Coal
- Kaiser Friedrich III, ordered 1894, laid down 7/1895, commissioned 10/1898
- Kaiser Wilhelm II, ordered 1894, laid down 9/1896, commissioned 10/1898
- Kaiser Wilhelm Der Grosse , ordered 1897, laid down 10/1898, commissioned 2/1902
- Kaiser Barbarossa, ordered 1897, laid down 4/1898, commissioned 6/1901
Wittelsbach class
12,600 tons, 4 x 9.4", 9 (18) x 6”, 6 (12) x 3.5”, 2 (6) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 1 stn, 12" belt, 2.5" deck, 17.5 knots TE WT Coal
- Wittelsbach, ordered 1898, laid down 7/1899, commissioned 10/1902
- Wettin, ordered 1898, laid down 6/1899, commissioned 10/1902
- Zähringen , ordered 1898, laid down 6/1899, commissioned 10/1902
- Schwaben, ordered 1899, laid down 8/1900, commissioned 4/1904
- Mecklenburg, ordered 1899, laid down 11/1900, commissioned 6/1903
Braunschweig class
14,200 tons, 4 x 11", 7 (14) x 6.7”, 9 (18) x 3.5”, 2 (6) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 1 stn, 10" belt, 1.5" deck, 18 knots TE WT Coal
- Braunschweig, ordered 1900, laid down 12/1901, commissioned 10/1904
- Elass, ordered 1900, laid down 5/1901, commissioned 10/1904
- Hessen , ordered 1901, laid down 9/1902, commissioned 9/1905
- Preussen, ordered 1901, laid down 10/1902, commissioned 7/1905
- Lothringen, ordered 1901, laid down 5/1902, commissioned 5/1906
Deutschland class
14,000 tons, 4 x 11", 7 (14) x 6.7”, 10 (20) x 3.5”, 2 (6) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 1 stn, 10" belt, 1.5" deck, 18 knots TE WT Coal
- Deutschland, ordered 1902, laid down 11/1903, commissioned 8/1906
- Hannover, ordered 1902, laid down 9/1904, commissioned 10/1907
- Pommern , ordered 1902, laid down 12/1904, commissioned 8/1907
- Schlesien, ordered 1903, laid down 5/1904, commissioned 5/1908
- Schleswig-Holstein, ordered 1903, laid down 12/1905, commissioned 7/1908
Armoured Cruisers
Fürst Bismark class
11,300 tons, 4 x 9.4", 6 (12) x 6”, 5 (10) x 3.5”, 2 (6) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 1 stn, 8" belt, 2" deck, 18.5 knots TE WT Coal
- Fürst Bismark, ordered 1895, laid down 9/1896, commissioned 4/1900
Prinz Heinrich class
9,700 tons, 2 x 9.4", 5 (10) x 6”, 5 (10) x 3.5”, 2 (6) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 1 stn, 4" belt, 2" deck, 20 knots TE WT Coal
- Prinz Heinrich, ordered 1897, laid down 3/1898, commissioned 3/1902
Prinz Adelbert class
9,700 tons, 2 x 9.4", 5 (10) x 6”, 5 (10) x 3.5”, 2 (6) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 1 stn, 4" belt, 2" deck, 20.5 knots TE WT Coal
- Prinz Adelbert, ordered 1900, laid down 6/1900, commissioned 1/1904
- Friedrich Carl, ordered 1900, laid down 6/1901, commissioned 12/1903
Roon class
10,100 tons, 4 x 8.2", 5 (10) x 6”, 7 (14) x 3.5”, 2 (6) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 1 stn, 4" belt, 2" deck, 21 knots TE WT Coal
- Roon, ordered 1902, laid down 8/1902, commissioned 4/1906
- Yorck, ordered 1902, laid down 6/1903, commissioned 11/1905
Scharnhorst class
12,800 tons, 6 (8) x 8.2", 3 (6) x 6”, 9 (18) x 3.5”, 2 (6) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 1 stn, 4" belt, 2" deck, 23.5 knots TE WT Coal
- Scharnhorst, ordered 1904, laid down 6/1904, commissioned 10/1907
- Gneisenau, ordered 1904, laid down 3/1905, commissioned 3/1908
Protected Cruisers
Irene class
4,900 tons, 3 (4) x 6” BL, 4 (8) x 4”, 1 (3) x 14” TT uw 1 bow, 3" Compound slope, 2" Compound deck, 18 knots CE WT Coal
- Irene, ordered 1886, laid down 7/1886, commissioned 5/1888
- Prinzess Wilhelm, ordered 1886, laid down 9/1886, commissioned 11/1889
Meteor class
1,100 tons, 3 x 3.5”, 1 (3) x 14” TT aw 1 bow, 1" Compound slope, 0.5" Compound deck, 19 knots TE FT Coal, short range
- Meteor, ordered 1888, laid down 8/1888, commissioned 5/1891, disposed 1911
- Comet, ordered 1888, laid down 1/1890, commissioned 4/1893, disposed 1911
Kaiserin Augusta class
6,200 tons, 3 (4) x 6” BL, 4 (8) x 4”, 2 (5) x 14” TT uw 1 bow, 3" Compound slope, 2" Compound deck, 21.5 knots TE WT Coal
- Kaiserin Augusta, ordered 1889, laid down 1/1890, commissioned 8/1892
Gefion class
4,200 tons, 5 (10) x 4”, 1 (2) x 18” TT aw 1 bow, 2" Compound slope, 1" Compound deck, 19 knots TE FT Coal, short range
- Gefion, ordered 1891, laid down 3/1892, commissioned 6/1894
Hela class
2,050 tons, 3 (4) x 3.5”, 1 (3) x 14” TT aw 1 bow, 1" Harvey slope, 0.5" Harvey deck, 20 knots TE FT Coal, short range
- Hela, ordered 1892, laid down 3/1893, commissioned 5/1896
Victoria Louise class
6,400 tons, 2 x 8.2”, 4 (8) x 6”, 5 (10) x 4”, 1 (3) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 3" slope, 4" deck, 18.5 knots TE WT Coal
- Victoria Louise, ordered 1893, laid down 3/1896, commissioned 2/1898
- Hertha, ordered 1893, laid down 4/1896, commissioned 7/1898
- Freya, ordered 1893, laid down 4/1896, commissioned 10/1898
- Vineta, ordered 1893, laid down 4/1896, commissioned 9/1899
- Hansa, ordered 1893, laid down 3/1896, commissioned 4/1899
Gazelle class
3,000 tons, 5 (10) x 4", 1 (2) x 18” TT aw, 1.5" slope, 1" deck, 21 knots TE WT Coal
- Gazelle, ordered 1895, laid down 3/1897, commissioned 10/1900
- Niobe, ordered 1895, laid down 7/1898, commissioned 6/1900
- Nymphe, ordered 1896, laid down 11/1898, commissioned 9/1900
- Thetis, ordered 1896, laid down 7/1899, commissioned 9/1901
- Ariadne, ordered 1897, laid down 8/1899, commissioned 11/1901
- Amazone, ordered 1897, laid down 10/1899, commissioned 5/1901
Medusa class
3,100 tons, 5 (10) x 4", 1 (2) x 18” TT aw, 1.5" slope, 1" deck, 21 knots TE WT Coal
- Medusa, ordered 1898, laid down 12/1900, commissioned 7/1901
- Frauenlob, ordered 1898, laid down 3/1901, commissioned 2/1903
- Arcona, ordered 1899, laid down 10/1901, commissioned 5/1903
- Undine, ordered 1899, laid down 12/1901, commissioned 1/1903
Bremen class
3,600 tons, 5 (10) x 4", 1 (2) x 18” TT aw, 1.5" slope, 1" deck, 23 knots TE WT Coal
- Bremen, ordered 1900, laid down 7/1902, commissioned 5/1904
- Hamburg, ordered 1900, laid down 7/1902, commissioned 3/1904
- Berlin, ordered 1900, laid down 9/1902, commissioned 4/1905
- Lübeck, ordered 1901, laid down 3/1903, commissioned 4/1905
- München, ordered 1901, laid down 4/1903, commissioned 1/1905
- Leipzig, ordered 1902, laid down 3/1904, commissioned 4/1906
- Danzig, ordered 1902, laid down 9/1904, commissioned 1/1907
Königsberg class
3,400 tons, 5 (10) x 4", 1 (2) x 18” TT aw, 1.5" slope, 1" deck, 24 knots TE WT Coal
- Königsberg, ordered 1903, laid down 1/1905, commissioned 4/1907
- Stuttgart, ordered 1903, laid down 9/1905, commissioned 2/1908
- Nürnberg, ordered 1904, laid down 8/1906, commissioned 4/1908
- Stettin, ordered 1904, laid down 3/1906, commissioned 10/1907
Unprotected Cruisers
Ariadne class
2,000 tons, 4 (8) x 6" BL, 0" belt, 0" deck, 14 knots SE FT Coal
- Ariadne, ordered 1870, laid down 7/1870, commissioned 11/1872, disposed 1891
- Luise, ordered 1870, laid down 12/1871, commissioned 6/1874, disposed 1897
- Freya, ordered 1870, laid down 14/1872, commissioned 8/1876, disposed 1894
Leipzig class
4,600 tons, 6 (12) x 6.7" BL, 0" belt, 0" deck, 15.5 knots SE FT Coal
- Leipzig, ordered 1874, laid down 9/1874, commissioned 6/1877, disposed 1894
- Sedan, ordered 1874, laid down 6/1875, commissioned 8/1877, renamed Prinz Adelbert 1878, disposed 1890
Zieten class
1,200 tons, 1 (2) x 15” TT aw, 0" belt, 0" deck, 16 knots CE FT Coal, short range
- Zieten, ordered 1874, laid down 1/1875, commissioned 7/1876
Bismark class
3,000 tons, 8 (16) x 6" BL, 0" belt, 0" deck, 12.5 knots SE FT Coal
- Bismark, ordered 1875, laid down 7/1875, commissioned 3/1878, disposed 1901
- Molltke, ordered 1875, laid down 10/1875, commissioned 4/1878, disposed 1910
- Blücher, ordered 1875, laid down 9/1876, commissioned 12/1879, disposed 1908
- Stosch, ordered 1875, laid down 10/1876, commissioned 3/1878, disposed 1907
- Gneisenau, ordered 1877, laid down 9/1877, commissioned 10/1880, wrecked 1900
- Stein, ordered 1877, laid down 6/1878, commissioned 8/1880, disposed 1908
Carola class
2,400 tons, 5 (10) x 6" BL, 1 (2) x 4” BL, 0" belt, 0" deck, 13.5 knots CE FT Coal
- Carola, ordered 1879, laid down 11/1879, commissioned 9/1881, disposed 1906
- Olga, ordered 1879, laid down 12/1879, commissioned 9/1881, disposed 1906
- Marie, ordered 1879, laid down 8/1880, commissioned 9/1882, disposed 1904
- Sophie, ordered 1879, laid down 11/1879, commissioned 8/1882,disposed 1908
Blitz class
1,500 tons, 1 x 5”, 2 (4) x 3.5”, 0 (1) x 15” TT aw 1 bow, 0" belt, 0" deck, 15 knots CE FT Coal, short range
- Blitz, ordered 1881, laid down 8/1881, commissioned 3/1883
- Pfeil, ordered 1881, laid down 9/1881, commissioned 11/1884
Alexandrine class
2,600 tons, 5 (10) x 6" BL, 2 (4) x 4” BL, 0" belt, 0" deck, 14 knots CE FT Coal
- Alexandrine, ordered 1881, laid down 2/1882, commissioned 10/1886, disposed 1907
- Arcona, ordered 1881, laid down 5/1882, commissioned 12/1886, renamed Mercur 1902, disposed 1908
Nixie class
1,950 tons, 4 (5) x 5" BL, 0" belt, 0" deck, 10 knots CE FT Coal
- Nixie, ordered 1883, laid down 7/1883, commissioned 4/1886, disposed 1911
Charlotte class
3,700 tons, 9 (18) x 6" BL, 8 (16) x 3.5”, 0" belt, 0" deck, 13.5 knots CE FT Coal
- Charlotte, ordered 1883, laid down 8/1883, commissioned 11/1886, disposed 1910
Grief class
2,200 tons, 2 x 4”, 0" belt, 0" deck, 19 knots CE FT Coal, short range
- Grief, ordered 1885, laid down 7/1885, commissioned 7/1887, disposed 1912
Wacht class
1,500 tons, 3 x 4”, 1 (2) x 15” TT aw, 0" belt, 0" deck, 18.5 knots TE FT Coal, short range
- Wacht, ordered 1886, laid down 8/1886, commissioned 8/1888, wrecked 1901
- Jagd, ordered 1886, laid down 7/1887, commissioned 7/1889, disposed 1910
Schwalbe class
1,350 tons, 6 (8) x 4”, 1 (2) x 14” TT aw, 0" belt, 0" deck, 14 knots CE FT Coal
- Schwalbe, ordered 1887, laid down 8/1887, commissioned 5/1888, disposed 1911
- Sperber, ordered 1887, laid down 8/1888, commissioned 4/1889, disposed 1812
Bussard class
1,850 tons, 6 (8) x 4”, 1 (2) x 14” TT aw, 0" belt, 0" deck, 14 knots TE FT Coal
- Bussard, ordered 1888, laid down 9/1888, commissioned 10/1890
- Falke, ordered 1888, laid down 1/1890, commissioned 9/1891
- Seeadler, ordered 1890, laid down 9/1890, commissioned 8/1892
- Condor, ordered 1890, laid down 2/1891, commissioned 12/1892
- Cormoran, ordered 1890, laid down 5/1890, commissioned 7/1893
- Greir, ordered 1892, laid down 10/1893, commissioned 10/1895
Battleships
Sachsen class
7,700 tons, 4 (6) x 10.4" BL barbette, 10" Iron belt, 2" Iron deck, 13.5 knots SE FT Coal, low freeboard
- Sachsen, ordered 1874, laid down 7/1875, commissioned 10/1878
- Bayern, ordered 1874, laid down 5/1874, commissioned 4/1882
- Würtemberg, ordered 1874, laid down 11/1876, commissioned 5/1881
- Baden, ordered 1874, laid down 7/1876, commissioned 10/1883
Oldenburg class
5,600 tons, 4 (8) x 10.4" BL barbette, 2 (4) x 6” BL, 2 (4) x 14” TT aw, 12" Iron belt, 2" Iron deck, 13.5 knots SE FT Coal
- Oldenburg, ordered 1883, laid down 12/1883, commissioned 4/1886
Siegfried class
3,700 tons, 2 (3) x 10.4" BL barbette, 4 (8) x 3.5”, 2 (4) x 14” TT uw, 9.5" Compound belt, 1" Compound deck, 14.5 knots TE FT Coal, low freeboard
- Siegfried, ordered 1887, laid down 10/1888, commissioned 4/1890
- Beowulf, ordered 1887, laid down 11/1890, commissioned 4/1892
- Frithjof, ordered 1887, laid down 7/1890, commissioned 2/1893
- Heimdall, ordered 1887, laid down 7/1892, commissioned 4/1894
- Hilderbrand, ordered 1887, laid down 8/1890, commissioned 10/1893
- Hagen, ordered 1887, laid down 10/1891, commissioned 10/1894
- Odin, ordered 1887, laid down 11/1893, commissioned 7/1896
- Ägir, ordered 1887, laid down 4/1892, commissioned 1/1896
Brandenburg class
10,500 tons, 6 x 11", 3 (6) x 4”, 4 (8) x 3.5”, 2 (6) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 1 stn, 16" Compound belt, 2.5" Compound deck, 16.5 knots TE FT Coal
- Brandenburg, ordered 1889, laid down 9/1890, commissioned 11/1893
- Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm, ordered 1889, laid down 6/1890, commissioned 11/1893
- Weissenburg, ordered 1889, laid down 12/1890, commissioned 6/1894
- Wörth, ordered 1889, laid down 8/1890, commissioned 10/1893
Kaiser class
11,600 tons, 4 x 9.4", 9 (18) x 6”, 6 (12) x 3.5”, 2 (6) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 1 stn, 12" belt, 2.5" deck, 17 knots TE WT Coal
- Kaiser Friedrich III, ordered 1894, laid down 7/1895, commissioned 10/1898
- Kaiser Wilhelm II, ordered 1894, laid down 9/1896, commissioned 10/1898
- Kaiser Wilhelm Der Grosse , ordered 1897, laid down 10/1898, commissioned 2/1902
- Kaiser Barbarossa, ordered 1897, laid down 4/1898, commissioned 6/1901
Wittelsbach class
12,600 tons, 4 x 9.4", 9 (18) x 6”, 6 (12) x 3.5”, 2 (6) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 1 stn, 12" belt, 2.5" deck, 17.5 knots TE WT Coal
- Wittelsbach, ordered 1898, laid down 7/1899, commissioned 10/1902
- Wettin, ordered 1898, laid down 6/1899, commissioned 10/1902
- Zähringen , ordered 1898, laid down 6/1899, commissioned 10/1902
- Schwaben, ordered 1899, laid down 8/1900, commissioned 4/1904
- Mecklenburg, ordered 1899, laid down 11/1900, commissioned 6/1903
Braunschweig class
14,200 tons, 4 x 11", 7 (14) x 6.7”, 9 (18) x 3.5”, 2 (6) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 1 stn, 10" belt, 1.5" deck, 18 knots TE WT Coal
- Braunschweig, ordered 1900, laid down 12/1901, commissioned 10/1904
- Elass, ordered 1900, laid down 5/1901, commissioned 10/1904
- Hessen , ordered 1901, laid down 9/1902, commissioned 9/1905
- Preussen, ordered 1901, laid down 10/1902, commissioned 7/1905
- Lothringen, ordered 1901, laid down 5/1902, commissioned 5/1906
Deutschland class
14,000 tons, 4 x 11", 7 (14) x 6.7”, 10 (20) x 3.5”, 2 (6) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 1 stn, 10" belt, 1.5" deck, 18 knots TE WT Coal
- Deutschland, ordered 1902, laid down 11/1903, commissioned 8/1906
- Hannover, ordered 1902, laid down 9/1904, commissioned 10/1907
- Pommern , ordered 1902, laid down 12/1904, commissioned 8/1907
- Schlesien, ordered 1903, laid down 5/1904, commissioned 5/1908
- Schleswig-Holstein, ordered 1903, laid down 12/1905, commissioned 7/1908
Armoured Cruisers
Fürst Bismark class
11,300 tons, 4 x 9.4", 6 (12) x 6”, 5 (10) x 3.5”, 2 (6) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 1 stn, 8" belt, 2" deck, 18.5 knots TE WT Coal
- Fürst Bismark, ordered 1895, laid down 9/1896, commissioned 4/1900
Prinz Heinrich class
9,700 tons, 2 x 9.4", 5 (10) x 6”, 5 (10) x 3.5”, 2 (6) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 1 stn, 4" belt, 2" deck, 20 knots TE WT Coal
- Prinz Heinrich, ordered 1897, laid down 3/1898, commissioned 3/1902
Prinz Adelbert class
9,700 tons, 2 x 9.4", 5 (10) x 6”, 5 (10) x 3.5”, 2 (6) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 1 stn, 4" belt, 2" deck, 20.5 knots TE WT Coal
- Prinz Adelbert, ordered 1900, laid down 6/1900, commissioned 1/1904
- Friedrich Carl, ordered 1900, laid down 6/1901, commissioned 12/1903
Roon class
10,100 tons, 4 x 8.2", 5 (10) x 6”, 7 (14) x 3.5”, 2 (6) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 1 stn, 4" belt, 2" deck, 21 knots TE WT Coal
- Roon, ordered 1902, laid down 8/1902, commissioned 4/1906
- Yorck, ordered 1902, laid down 6/1903, commissioned 11/1905
Scharnhorst class
12,800 tons, 6 (8) x 8.2", 3 (6) x 6”, 9 (18) x 3.5”, 2 (6) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 1 stn, 4" belt, 2" deck, 23.5 knots TE WT Coal
- Scharnhorst, ordered 1904, laid down 6/1904, commissioned 10/1907
- Gneisenau, ordered 1904, laid down 3/1905, commissioned 3/1908
Protected Cruisers
Irene class
4,900 tons, 3 (4) x 6” BL, 4 (8) x 4”, 1 (3) x 14” TT uw 1 bow, 3" Compound slope, 2" Compound deck, 18 knots CE WT Coal
- Irene, ordered 1886, laid down 7/1886, commissioned 5/1888
- Prinzess Wilhelm, ordered 1886, laid down 9/1886, commissioned 11/1889
Meteor class
1,100 tons, 3 x 3.5”, 1 (3) x 14” TT aw 1 bow, 1" Compound slope, 0.5" Compound deck, 19 knots TE FT Coal, short range
- Meteor, ordered 1888, laid down 8/1888, commissioned 5/1891, disposed 1911
- Comet, ordered 1888, laid down 1/1890, commissioned 4/1893, disposed 1911
Kaiserin Augusta class
6,200 tons, 3 (4) x 6” BL, 4 (8) x 4”, 2 (5) x 14” TT uw 1 bow, 3" Compound slope, 2" Compound deck, 21.5 knots TE WT Coal
- Kaiserin Augusta, ordered 1889, laid down 1/1890, commissioned 8/1892
Gefion class
4,200 tons, 5 (10) x 4”, 1 (2) x 18” TT aw 1 bow, 2" Compound slope, 1" Compound deck, 19 knots TE FT Coal, short range
- Gefion, ordered 1891, laid down 3/1892, commissioned 6/1894
Hela class
2,050 tons, 3 (4) x 3.5”, 1 (3) x 14” TT aw 1 bow, 1" Harvey slope, 0.5" Harvey deck, 20 knots TE FT Coal, short range
- Hela, ordered 1892, laid down 3/1893, commissioned 5/1896
Victoria Louise class
6,400 tons, 2 x 8.2”, 4 (8) x 6”, 5 (10) x 4”, 1 (3) x 18” TT uw 1 bow, 3" slope, 4" deck, 18.5 knots TE WT Coal
- Victoria Louise, ordered 1893, laid down 3/1896, commissioned 2/1898
- Hertha, ordered 1893, laid down 4/1896, commissioned 7/1898
- Freya, ordered 1893, laid down 4/1896, commissioned 10/1898
- Vineta, ordered 1893, laid down 4/1896, commissioned 9/1899
- Hansa, ordered 1893, laid down 3/1896, commissioned 4/1899
Gazelle class
3,000 tons, 5 (10) x 4", 1 (2) x 18” TT aw, 1.5" slope, 1" deck, 21 knots TE WT Coal
- Gazelle, ordered 1895, laid down 3/1897, commissioned 10/1900
- Niobe, ordered 1895, laid down 7/1898, commissioned 6/1900
- Nymphe, ordered 1896, laid down 11/1898, commissioned 9/1900
- Thetis, ordered 1896, laid down 7/1899, commissioned 9/1901
- Ariadne, ordered 1897, laid down 8/1899, commissioned 11/1901
- Amazone, ordered 1897, laid down 10/1899, commissioned 5/1901
Medusa class
3,100 tons, 5 (10) x 4", 1 (2) x 18” TT aw, 1.5" slope, 1" deck, 21 knots TE WT Coal
- Medusa, ordered 1898, laid down 12/1900, commissioned 7/1901
- Frauenlob, ordered 1898, laid down 3/1901, commissioned 2/1903
- Arcona, ordered 1899, laid down 10/1901, commissioned 5/1903
- Undine, ordered 1899, laid down 12/1901, commissioned 1/1903
Bremen class
3,600 tons, 5 (10) x 4", 1 (2) x 18” TT aw, 1.5" slope, 1" deck, 23 knots TE WT Coal
- Bremen, ordered 1900, laid down 7/1902, commissioned 5/1904
- Hamburg, ordered 1900, laid down 7/1902, commissioned 3/1904
- Berlin, ordered 1900, laid down 9/1902, commissioned 4/1905
- Lübeck, ordered 1901, laid down 3/1903, commissioned 4/1905
- München, ordered 1901, laid down 4/1903, commissioned 1/1905
- Leipzig, ordered 1902, laid down 3/1904, commissioned 4/1906
- Danzig, ordered 1902, laid down 9/1904, commissioned 1/1907
Königsberg class
3,400 tons, 5 (10) x 4", 1 (2) x 18” TT aw, 1.5" slope, 1" deck, 24 knots TE WT Coal
- Königsberg, ordered 1903, laid down 1/1905, commissioned 4/1907
- Stuttgart, ordered 1903, laid down 9/1905, commissioned 2/1908
- Nürnberg, ordered 1904, laid down 8/1906, commissioned 4/1908
- Stettin, ordered 1904, laid down 3/1906, commissioned 10/1907
Unprotected Cruisers
Ariadne class
2,000 tons, 4 (8) x 6" BL, 0" belt, 0" deck, 14 knots SE FT Coal
- Ariadne, ordered 1870, laid down 7/1870, commissioned 11/1872, disposed 1891
- Luise, ordered 1870, laid down 12/1871, commissioned 6/1874, disposed 1897
- Freya, ordered 1870, laid down 14/1872, commissioned 8/1876, disposed 1894
Leipzig class
4,600 tons, 6 (12) x 6.7" BL, 0" belt, 0" deck, 15.5 knots SE FT Coal
- Leipzig, ordered 1874, laid down 9/1874, commissioned 6/1877, disposed 1894
- Sedan, ordered 1874, laid down 6/1875, commissioned 8/1877, renamed Prinz Adelbert 1878, disposed 1890
Zieten class
1,200 tons, 1 (2) x 15” TT aw, 0" belt, 0" deck, 16 knots CE FT Coal, short range
- Zieten, ordered 1874, laid down 1/1875, commissioned 7/1876
Bismark class
3,000 tons, 8 (16) x 6" BL, 0" belt, 0" deck, 12.5 knots SE FT Coal
- Bismark, ordered 1875, laid down 7/1875, commissioned 3/1878, disposed 1901
- Molltke, ordered 1875, laid down 10/1875, commissioned 4/1878, disposed 1910
- Blücher, ordered 1875, laid down 9/1876, commissioned 12/1879, disposed 1908
- Stosch, ordered 1875, laid down 10/1876, commissioned 3/1878, disposed 1907
- Gneisenau, ordered 1877, laid down 9/1877, commissioned 10/1880, wrecked 1900
- Stein, ordered 1877, laid down 6/1878, commissioned 8/1880, disposed 1908
Carola class
2,400 tons, 5 (10) x 6" BL, 1 (2) x 4” BL, 0" belt, 0" deck, 13.5 knots CE FT Coal
- Carola, ordered 1879, laid down 11/1879, commissioned 9/1881, disposed 1906
- Olga, ordered 1879, laid down 12/1879, commissioned 9/1881, disposed 1906
- Marie, ordered 1879, laid down 8/1880, commissioned 9/1882, disposed 1904
- Sophie, ordered 1879, laid down 11/1879, commissioned 8/1882,disposed 1908
Blitz class
1,500 tons, 1 x 5”, 2 (4) x 3.5”, 0 (1) x 15” TT aw 1 bow, 0" belt, 0" deck, 15 knots CE FT Coal, short range
- Blitz, ordered 1881, laid down 8/1881, commissioned 3/1883
- Pfeil, ordered 1881, laid down 9/1881, commissioned 11/1884
Alexandrine class
2,600 tons, 5 (10) x 6" BL, 2 (4) x 4” BL, 0" belt, 0" deck, 14 knots CE FT Coal
- Alexandrine, ordered 1881, laid down 2/1882, commissioned 10/1886, disposed 1907
- Arcona, ordered 1881, laid down 5/1882, commissioned 12/1886, renamed Mercur 1902, disposed 1908
Nixie class
1,950 tons, 4 (5) x 5" BL, 0" belt, 0" deck, 10 knots CE FT Coal
- Nixie, ordered 1883, laid down 7/1883, commissioned 4/1886, disposed 1911
Charlotte class
3,700 tons, 9 (18) x 6" BL, 8 (16) x 3.5”, 0" belt, 0" deck, 13.5 knots CE FT Coal
- Charlotte, ordered 1883, laid down 8/1883, commissioned 11/1886, disposed 1910
Grief class
2,200 tons, 2 x 4”, 0" belt, 0" deck, 19 knots CE FT Coal, short range
- Grief, ordered 1885, laid down 7/1885, commissioned 7/1887, disposed 1912
Wacht class
1,500 tons, 3 x 4”, 1 (2) x 15” TT aw, 0" belt, 0" deck, 18.5 knots TE FT Coal, short range
- Wacht, ordered 1886, laid down 8/1886, commissioned 8/1888, wrecked 1901
- Jagd, ordered 1886, laid down 7/1887, commissioned 7/1889, disposed 1910
Schwalbe class
1,350 tons, 6 (8) x 4”, 1 (2) x 14” TT aw, 0" belt, 0" deck, 14 knots CE FT Coal
- Schwalbe, ordered 1887, laid down 8/1887, commissioned 5/1888, disposed 1911
- Sperber, ordered 1887, laid down 8/1888, commissioned 4/1889, disposed 1812
Bussard class
1,850 tons, 6 (8) x 4”, 1 (2) x 14” TT aw, 0" belt, 0" deck, 14 knots TE FT Coal
- Bussard, ordered 1888, laid down 9/1888, commissioned 10/1890
- Falke, ordered 1888, laid down 1/1890, commissioned 9/1891
- Seeadler, ordered 1890, laid down 9/1890, commissioned 8/1892
- Condor, ordered 1890, laid down 2/1891, commissioned 12/1892
- Cormoran, ordered 1890, laid down 5/1890, commissioned 7/1893
- Greir, ordered 1892, laid down 10/1893, commissioned 10/1895
Oct-Dec 1900: The realities of power
~Oct-Dec 1900: The realities of power
October 1900: The first of the two cruisers ordered for the Royal Canadian Navy, Quebec is launched at the new Canadian Vickers yard in Montreal. With her launch the second, the Manitoba is laid down on the same slipway. While she is a repeat of the Quebec, it is expect she will be constructed more rapidly as the Canadian Vickers yard gains further experience, with it hoped both will be commissioned in 1903.
October 1900: The game of cricket has been gaining popularity in Chile over the past decade, with their now being nearly 9,000 registered players in the country. In an effort to further the development of the game, the ICC organises an All-Empire team to tour the nation. While the team is dominated by English players it also includes two Australians, one New Zealander and one Anglo-Indian, indicating the growing importance of the Dominions in the sport.
October 1900: The French population tired of the violence over the Dreyfus Affair approve the new constitution creating the Third Empire, with 74% voting in favour in a nationwide referendum. Prince Louis-Napoleon, having already returned to Britain from South Africa accepts the throne, resigning from the British Army. Before his departure for France he is given a final substantive promotion to the rank of Major General.
October 1900: While the Southern Qing administration of the Guangxi Emperor has ordered the suppression of the Boxers and is attempting to make peace with the Eight Nation Alliance, the Dowager Empress Cixi in Xi'an has rejected any such measures. While Cixi recognises the Boxers are defeated and that war against the Eight Nation Alliance can not be renewed, she refuse to acknowledge the Southern Qing, claiming to continue to be the legitimate government of China. While her control is limited to the Gansu, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Shanxi, and Henan Provinces, she still controls considerable military force with Yuan Shikai, Dong Fuxiang, and Ronglu continuing to support her. Cixi's administration will become known as the Northern Qing.
October 1900: The British declaration of Victory in South Africa has proved to be premature, with Boer guerilla resistance being extremely difficult to suppress, forcing the British to not only halt the redeployment of troops to the Middle East, but requiring troops to returned to Southern Africa. Additionally the railway across the Sinai is still at least six months from completion and General Paul Methuen's forces at Gaza have failed to breakout of their beachhead. Coupled with this, the other European Great Powers, concerned at the potential for British expansion in the Levant, have been pushing for a negotiated settlement, with the Austro-Hungarians and Germans all providing the Ottomans political backing and military support. With no possibility of launching offensive operations in the foreseeable future, the British reluctantly agree to an armistice with the Ottomans.
October 1900: After several years of hard fighting, Ruy Barbossa's uprising in Southern Brazil is finally suppressed. While putting down Barbossa's revolt has resulted in many thousands of deaths, it has greatly reduced the power of the land owning oligarchs who where his primary supporters. With order now restored, Prime Minister Joaquim Nabuco orders the army reduced back to its previous strength of 12,000 men and embarks on another series of reforms aimed at ending the landed elites power once and for all.
November 1900: In one of his first acts and attempting to further national reconciliation after the turmoil which has gripped France, Emperor Napoleon IV issues a decree pardoning and granting amnesty for all persons involved in the Dreyfus affair. While the decree angers the hardliners on both sides, it is well received by the bulk of the population seeking an end to the violence and unrest.
November 1900: A political scandal in Newfoundland over the allocation of railway contracts results in the fall of the Conservative government of Premier James Winter and his replacement by Liberal Robert Bond. Bond adopts a policy of attempting to negotiate a free trade treaty with US similar to Canada.
November 1900: With his authority restored over much of China, the Guangxu Emperor reinstitutes his 1898 reforms reversed after Cixi's coup beginning with ending the Imperial Examination system. While feeling unable to restore the contracts issued to British and US companies for machine tool works given to French, German and Russian interests. Instead he grants twenty year contracts for the management of the government arsenals and naval yards to British and US companies. This move will greatly improve the efficiency of Chinese military industries, rooting out the endemic corruption which has plagued them previously.
November 1900: The 1900 US Presidential election is almost a repeat of the 1896 election, with Republican William McKinley opposed by Democrat William Bryan. Bryan once again based his campaign on opposition to the gold standard, but also on opposition to McKinley's imperialism, advocating the immediate independence of the recently acquired US colonies. McKinley on the other hand focuses on the return of economic prosperity and the US victory in the Spanish-American War. McKinley's prospects are greatly assisted by selecting war hero Theodore Roosevelt as his Vice-Presidential running mate. The election results in a comprehensive rejection of Bryan's platform with McKinley winning a clear victory.
November 1900: In another closely fought election, Conservative Charles Tupper narrowly wins the Canadian Federal elections. Of key importance is his Liberal opponent Wilfrid Laurier's opposition to Canadian involvement in the Boer War. While this gains much support amongst French Canadians, it alienates the vast majority of British Canadians, allowing Tupper to slightly increase his majority from ten to twelve seats. Tupper will continue his policies of moving Canada closer to the Empire, increasing Canada's commitment to South Africa.
November 1900: The Russian invasion of Manchuria has crushed the Chinese opposition, bring the region under full Russian occupation, though guerilla resistance by local forces known as Honghuzi will continue to plague the Russians. While the Russian Governor General of the Amur region, Nikolai Grodekov urges the annexation of the region, the Russian Foreign and Finance Ministers Vladimir Lamsdforf and Sergei Witte are able to convince the Tsar to refuse this. However they do demand the Guangxu Emperor agrees to place Manchuria under Russian administration, effectively making it a protectorate. Given the weakness of his position the Emperor has no choice but to agree.
November 1900: With the continuing British manpower shortage, the British very reluctantly request the Chileans contribute a small force to South Africa. While initially only some 500 cavalry to patrol lines of communication, the Chilean force will grow to over 3,000 men. The Chileans service in South Africa will lead to the British military developing considerable respect for their professionalism and training.
December 1900: The first selections held under the new French constitution produce a National Assembly dominated by moderates, both republican and royalists, with the hardliners suffering a heavy defeat. The boulangists in particular suffer due to their loss of support by the royalists. The first law passed by the new assembly confirms the Emperor's decree of amnesty and pardon for those involved in the Dreyfus Affair.
December 1900: The terms of the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty regarding a trans-oceanic canal across Central America have generate fierce opposition in the US Congress. The powerful House Foreign Affairs Committee only agrees to submit the treaty for ratification after removing the clauses regarding the neutrality of the canal and equal access for all nations. They also insert clauses granting the US the right to close the canal in wartime and take whatever steps it regards as necessary to defend the canal. Lord Salisbury's government however refuses to ratify the modified treaty and it lapses without coming into effect.
December 1900: General Roberts is promoted to Field Marshal and raised to the peerage as Baron Roberts of Kimberly. He is appointed to the position of Commander in Chief of the British Army, replacing Field Marshal Wolseley. His position as Commander in Chief in South Africa is taken by General Lord Kitchener. Kitchener adopts new tactics to deal with Boer guerillas, employing armoured trains to protect rail lines, blockhouses to defend vital points and massive barbedwire barriers to restrict Boer movement. These are coupled with a scorched earth policy of destroying Boer farms and interning the civilian population in the Concentration Camps to deprive the guerillas of their local support. These internees will rapidly overwhelm the camp's capacity, leading to shocking conditions and many deaths.
December 1900: The Treaty of Beirut is signed bringing an end to the Anglo-Ottoman War. Under the terms of the treaty Egypt and Cyprus become British colonies, with Gaza ceded to Egypt, along with the imposition or a £3 million indemnity on the Ottomans. With his attempt to regain his throne defeated, former Egyptian Khedive Abbas relocates to Germany where he will continue his efforts to gather support for another bid to retake Egypt.
October 1900: The first of the two cruisers ordered for the Royal Canadian Navy, Quebec is launched at the new Canadian Vickers yard in Montreal. With her launch the second, the Manitoba is laid down on the same slipway. While she is a repeat of the Quebec, it is expect she will be constructed more rapidly as the Canadian Vickers yard gains further experience, with it hoped both will be commissioned in 1903.
October 1900: The game of cricket has been gaining popularity in Chile over the past decade, with their now being nearly 9,000 registered players in the country. In an effort to further the development of the game, the ICC organises an All-Empire team to tour the nation. While the team is dominated by English players it also includes two Australians, one New Zealander and one Anglo-Indian, indicating the growing importance of the Dominions in the sport.
October 1900: The French population tired of the violence over the Dreyfus Affair approve the new constitution creating the Third Empire, with 74% voting in favour in a nationwide referendum. Prince Louis-Napoleon, having already returned to Britain from South Africa accepts the throne, resigning from the British Army. Before his departure for France he is given a final substantive promotion to the rank of Major General.
October 1900: While the Southern Qing administration of the Guangxi Emperor has ordered the suppression of the Boxers and is attempting to make peace with the Eight Nation Alliance, the Dowager Empress Cixi in Xi'an has rejected any such measures. While Cixi recognises the Boxers are defeated and that war against the Eight Nation Alliance can not be renewed, she refuse to acknowledge the Southern Qing, claiming to continue to be the legitimate government of China. While her control is limited to the Gansu, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Shanxi, and Henan Provinces, she still controls considerable military force with Yuan Shikai, Dong Fuxiang, and Ronglu continuing to support her. Cixi's administration will become known as the Northern Qing.
October 1900: The British declaration of Victory in South Africa has proved to be premature, with Boer guerilla resistance being extremely difficult to suppress, forcing the British to not only halt the redeployment of troops to the Middle East, but requiring troops to returned to Southern Africa. Additionally the railway across the Sinai is still at least six months from completion and General Paul Methuen's forces at Gaza have failed to breakout of their beachhead. Coupled with this, the other European Great Powers, concerned at the potential for British expansion in the Levant, have been pushing for a negotiated settlement, with the Austro-Hungarians and Germans all providing the Ottomans political backing and military support. With no possibility of launching offensive operations in the foreseeable future, the British reluctantly agree to an armistice with the Ottomans.
October 1900: After several years of hard fighting, Ruy Barbossa's uprising in Southern Brazil is finally suppressed. While putting down Barbossa's revolt has resulted in many thousands of deaths, it has greatly reduced the power of the land owning oligarchs who where his primary supporters. With order now restored, Prime Minister Joaquim Nabuco orders the army reduced back to its previous strength of 12,000 men and embarks on another series of reforms aimed at ending the landed elites power once and for all.
November 1900: In one of his first acts and attempting to further national reconciliation after the turmoil which has gripped France, Emperor Napoleon IV issues a decree pardoning and granting amnesty for all persons involved in the Dreyfus affair. While the decree angers the hardliners on both sides, it is well received by the bulk of the population seeking an end to the violence and unrest.
November 1900: A political scandal in Newfoundland over the allocation of railway contracts results in the fall of the Conservative government of Premier James Winter and his replacement by Liberal Robert Bond. Bond adopts a policy of attempting to negotiate a free trade treaty with US similar to Canada.
November 1900: With his authority restored over much of China, the Guangxu Emperor reinstitutes his 1898 reforms reversed after Cixi's coup beginning with ending the Imperial Examination system. While feeling unable to restore the contracts issued to British and US companies for machine tool works given to French, German and Russian interests. Instead he grants twenty year contracts for the management of the government arsenals and naval yards to British and US companies. This move will greatly improve the efficiency of Chinese military industries, rooting out the endemic corruption which has plagued them previously.
November 1900: The 1900 US Presidential election is almost a repeat of the 1896 election, with Republican William McKinley opposed by Democrat William Bryan. Bryan once again based his campaign on opposition to the gold standard, but also on opposition to McKinley's imperialism, advocating the immediate independence of the recently acquired US colonies. McKinley on the other hand focuses on the return of economic prosperity and the US victory in the Spanish-American War. McKinley's prospects are greatly assisted by selecting war hero Theodore Roosevelt as his Vice-Presidential running mate. The election results in a comprehensive rejection of Bryan's platform with McKinley winning a clear victory.
November 1900: In another closely fought election, Conservative Charles Tupper narrowly wins the Canadian Federal elections. Of key importance is his Liberal opponent Wilfrid Laurier's opposition to Canadian involvement in the Boer War. While this gains much support amongst French Canadians, it alienates the vast majority of British Canadians, allowing Tupper to slightly increase his majority from ten to twelve seats. Tupper will continue his policies of moving Canada closer to the Empire, increasing Canada's commitment to South Africa.
November 1900: The Russian invasion of Manchuria has crushed the Chinese opposition, bring the region under full Russian occupation, though guerilla resistance by local forces known as Honghuzi will continue to plague the Russians. While the Russian Governor General of the Amur region, Nikolai Grodekov urges the annexation of the region, the Russian Foreign and Finance Ministers Vladimir Lamsdforf and Sergei Witte are able to convince the Tsar to refuse this. However they do demand the Guangxu Emperor agrees to place Manchuria under Russian administration, effectively making it a protectorate. Given the weakness of his position the Emperor has no choice but to agree.
November 1900: With the continuing British manpower shortage, the British very reluctantly request the Chileans contribute a small force to South Africa. While initially only some 500 cavalry to patrol lines of communication, the Chilean force will grow to over 3,000 men. The Chileans service in South Africa will lead to the British military developing considerable respect for their professionalism and training.
December 1900: The first selections held under the new French constitution produce a National Assembly dominated by moderates, both republican and royalists, with the hardliners suffering a heavy defeat. The boulangists in particular suffer due to their loss of support by the royalists. The first law passed by the new assembly confirms the Emperor's decree of amnesty and pardon for those involved in the Dreyfus Affair.
December 1900: The terms of the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty regarding a trans-oceanic canal across Central America have generate fierce opposition in the US Congress. The powerful House Foreign Affairs Committee only agrees to submit the treaty for ratification after removing the clauses regarding the neutrality of the canal and equal access for all nations. They also insert clauses granting the US the right to close the canal in wartime and take whatever steps it regards as necessary to defend the canal. Lord Salisbury's government however refuses to ratify the modified treaty and it lapses without coming into effect.
December 1900: General Roberts is promoted to Field Marshal and raised to the peerage as Baron Roberts of Kimberly. He is appointed to the position of Commander in Chief of the British Army, replacing Field Marshal Wolseley. His position as Commander in Chief in South Africa is taken by General Lord Kitchener. Kitchener adopts new tactics to deal with Boer guerillas, employing armoured trains to protect rail lines, blockhouses to defend vital points and massive barbedwire barriers to restrict Boer movement. These are coupled with a scorched earth policy of destroying Boer farms and interning the civilian population in the Concentration Camps to deprive the guerillas of their local support. These internees will rapidly overwhelm the camp's capacity, leading to shocking conditions and many deaths.
December 1900: The Treaty of Beirut is signed bringing an end to the Anglo-Ottoman War. Under the terms of the treaty Egypt and Cyprus become British colonies, with Gaza ceded to Egypt, along with the imposition or a £3 million indemnity on the Ottomans. With his attempt to regain his throne defeated, former Egyptian Khedive Abbas relocates to Germany where he will continue his efforts to gather support for another bid to retake Egypt.
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