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The Safavid gunpowder empire was the height of Persian power since the Sassanian era. The Mughals similarly united virtually the entire subcontinent under the banner of Islam, while the Ottomans reunited the eastern Mediterranean after almost a thousand years of disunity.

So why did Central Asia not witness such a flourishing of Islamic civilization? Why did the Shaybanid Uzbek khanate not achieve nearly as much as its allies in Constantinople, its sworn enemies in Isfahan or the exile Timurids in Delhi?
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