Prelude
Disclaimer: I do not offend anyone based on political views/beliefs or those with historical perspective but I want to create a TL involving alternate Spanish Republic and the Cold War with the surviving Soviet Union/Sovereign Union and its allies of Warsaw-Beijing Pact surviving as well as how the early death of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1942 could also shape the course of history.
and humiliated its declining power.
But also, the implications has led to losses of Spanish colonies of New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata to rebels who fought for independence inspired by events of American and French revolutions as well as influences from the Enlightenment has created several countries out of former Spanish colonies such as Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and others while the empire which has been severely paralyzed has been reduced to colonies of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, and Virgin Islands after the Latin American Wars of Independence and failure of adoption of Constitution of 1812 which explains how diminished power has slided into absolutist restoration ruled by Ferdinand VII of Spain until the ascension of Queen Isabella II and the Carlist Wars that exposes vulnerability in the fragile political system amid rising political unrest while the Conservative retrenchment under Moderate Party began after passing of constitution of 1837 while Progressive Period which the Spaniards had attempting to suppress the revolts from Cuba in the mid-19th century which the Cuban wealthy planters had launched a revolutionary uprising against the Captaincy-General, culminating in Ten Years' War and the backlash has led to Glorious Revolution and the exile of Queen Isabella II.
Spanish King Alfonso XII in portraitAfter the Glorious Revolution, Alfonso XII was restored into throne which marked period of Bourbon Restoration where the Constitution of 1876 was written and enforced during the period. Also, Spain changes into constitutional monarchy with bicameral legislature which consists of upper house (Senate) and the lower house (Congress of Deputies) while empowering the monarch to appoint and name senators and revoke laws.
In the infamous part of Berlin Conference in 1884-1885, King Alfonso XII has sarcasm to Otto von Bismarck[2], the chancellor of the German Empire during the negotiations which he stated "If... we need to learn about history from the deserts of Alawite Moroccans before we could be able to restore our power since our great grandparents has failed to protect our sacred motherland which meant that our colonies in Americas went lost... we need it"[3a] which the historians had invoked the sarcastic speech as multitude attempts to bring its status back.
Berlin Conference which had shaped the course of world history and has profound impact on African history as well
However, the Spanish King Alfonso XII wants Congo Basin as he suggested after British explorer Henry M. Stanley had reached out while visiting to Madrid as well after he explored the entirety of Congo Basin while searching for missionary and explorer David Livingstone and known for exploring into source of Nile, which the ambitious Spanish King had approached him under the disguise of international scientific and philanthropic association known as International African Association.
In exchange for issuing contracts with the Stanley in secrecy, in hopes of opening the basin into international trade by constructing trade stations or outposts despite his secrecy of carving out a nation or viceroyalty which he sent out general's trusted adviser that puts his goal into deep question which he sent out explorer Manuel Iradier to explore the River Gabon ahead of Italian explorer, named Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza which earned a huge ire to the Paris that puts its effort into question, the source of upcoming tensions have culminated into another crisis until the Berlin Conference that resolves the issue of disputed control of River Gabon which the Spaniards had to expand the borders of Guinea ever since the treaty of El Pardo of 1778 that was nullified until the new treaty takes place in Toulouse that acknowledges recognition of Spanish sovereignty over Gabon while dropping claims beyond Congo Basin including portions of what is today Federal Republic of Congo (including former French colony which is unified) and Equatorial Africa[3b].
However, the problem is Belgian king Léopold II which his ambitions for his goal of the country's pursuing colonial adventures into Congo Basin, where his goal was attempting to back back Stanley but with no avail until his reign and goal was cut short in 1872 when a sporadic disease outbreak has spread into upper echelons of Belgian monarchy, although, Léopold II has children that he have his son, named Prince Leopold that contracted pneumonia and died way back in 1869. His tragic fate would be applied on October 17th when he had contracted pneumonia after not going outside due to ongoing sporadic outbreaks that puts himself on the deathbed at the Royal Castle of Laeken which he died later, leading to nomination of Prince Philippe, the Count of Flanders to be nominated as the next monarch of Belgium after he reluctantly accepts the offer when Prince Albert rejected the offerings in the wake of monarch's death of pneumonia[4].
Leopold II, reigns from 1865 to 1872 with his tragic death from pneumonia
The news of death of Léopold II of Belgium has led to Henry M. Stanley's Congo plan earned more backing from Spanish King Alfonso XII which Stanley's plan for International Association of the Congo which his aides from London had widely accepted the plan. The sudden Spanish backing of Stanley's Congo has led to himself becoming Alfonso XII's agent while he backs Iradier's expedition into interiors of Congo basin where the report has also documented the cases of kidnappings of villagers by the Tippu Tip and claimed the Cabina for Spain which he described the Congo as 'large as the Rhine and Danube rivers' from where he could convince the monarch back to establish more trading and missionary stations around the rivers while also forging alliances with the tribal chiefs in exchange for trades has perfectly cemented the position which the Spanish colonization of the Congo is not only the prized effort that the monarch has gained but also could be served as buffer between the powers of France, Great Britain, and Portugal as well as the Germans even in case of World War I has broken out[5a].
The Madrid Geographic Conference of 1878 which the Spanish king had invited wealthy philanthropists, experts who were schooled in the geographic sciences after Brussels had failed to host in the wake of monarch's death has also determined its initiative to establish its front organization in efforts to gain the upper hand to colonize its resourceful rich Congo Basin[5b], but Alfonso XII's goal that his organization was humanitarian-oriented but with a mission to send Catholic missionaries in doubling their efforts to Christianize its inhabitants as well[6a].
Spanish explorer Manuel Iradier, influenced by works of Henry Stanley which led to explorations within African continent but also led to the city Ciudad Iradier being named after the explorer
While on the side of Italians, they began to pursue plans to expand beyond the home when Italian King Victor Emmanuel II demanded plans for expansion into Beylik of Tunis, since the Ottoman's dominance was waned and in 1879 Italian government had funded the navies as well and attempted to pursue diplomatic ties with the Beylik of Tunis but failed until in 1880 when the Italian ironclad Caio Duilio had accidentally bombarded the city of Tunis, culminating the Italo-Tunisian War of 1880-1882 where thousands of Italian forces which included those from Risorgimento-era troops had made its amphibious landings near the adjacent to the city and march into the main square from where they ousted Bey of Tunis and put governor to rule the new colony after years when the Italians had demanded to establish protectorate on Tunis during the Berlin Conference which the conference concerns about the planned colonization of Africa.
Tunis in 1880 prior to Italian invasion and colonization
The first units assigned to the city of Alfonsovilla[6b] together with missionaries and Iradier's another expedition accompanied by several local troops from Rio Muni, friendly tribal warriors, doctors, botanists, and interpreters which is not only to expand their control of the new colony but to propagate Catholicization efforts through education and establishments of religious schools as well as pursuing punitive expedition against Zanzibar slave traders with the helped to Catholicized native Congolese forces who were trained and educated in between 1880 up to 1890 but however, these waves of Japanese migrations had put investment into its colony into greater path alongside with the Chinese where plantations had been built to search for high revenue in booming the economy.
However, the Spanish colony of Congo is not the place for extracting Ivory and other rich minerals but the law that bans slavery following the Spanish liberals took power before and instead, the emancipados and guest workers as well as forced laborers which composed of convicts from Spanish colonies of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines whom of forced laborers are those who were participated in such failed rebellions against the Spanish rule, inciting subversion, or conspiring to instigate chaos against the government which mostly Filipino nationalists and natives who were collaborated of whom they were deported en masse to the Spanish colonies of Congo
and Equatorial Guinea[6c].
The famous Filipino poet, José Rizal noted with "there are lots of people, mostly came from the sacred blood of my Pearl of the Orient which puts under painful sufferings including these Aetas coming from mountainous regions and Pampanga that they were forced to work for luxurious riches of Ivory and other rich natural wealth that they are hungry for devouring[7]", his statements found on the book that shows the plight of how the native Filipino prisoners forced to work on Congolese mining fields after deportations. However, historians and scholars claimed these policies were ruthlessly repressive when it comes to how the Spanish government at the time had treated the Cuban rebels, native Filipinos, and those accuse of committing subversive acts against the government has been terrible when it comes to how they were forced to perform government initiatives such as extracting natural rubber and ivory resources as well as building railroads has which modern-day historians and politicians have been always make calls for issuing apology for harsh treatment, goes for same as those native Congolese peoples.
The Spanish Governor-General in the Philippines recommended the monarch to construct large European-style architectural university building which is named as University of Spanish Congo[8] (Universidad Españoles Congoleño) before renaming into University of Congo where thousands of young native Filipino students could be flocked into the university in Alfonsovilla which led to rise of figures such as Carlos Garcia and others which propelled and drive the colony into its independence in 1975 but although in the 1960s, it was a very tumultous decade for Spaniards to deal with the growing changes that threaten to derail the almost declining empire.
Student and Movimiento Nacional Congoleño-led protests where demonstrators facing with the Fuerza Seguridad troopsIn the 1960s, it is called "Period of Instability"[9], where student-led protests become common, renewed calls for independence, as well as looming threat of ethnic violence between Congolese Filipinos and native African Congolese populations as the colony has benefited from decades of industrialization, development, and economic growth as newly-discovered untapped resources has proved that the colony could boost its prosperous boom while increasing enrolment rates among native populations[10] which led to increasing middle class population while the colony is notable for rich uranium resources[11] that supplied to not only Manhattan Project and atomic bombings of Nagasaki and Hiroshima but also develop its own nuclear weapons, this same for Rio Gabon which led to Spain joining with the United States, United Kingdom, France, Soviet Union or the Sovereign Union, China, India, Iran, Israel, Poland, and then Brazil as top countries with active possession of nuclear weapons.
On the other hand, the Spaniards also had led its 17,000 forces which includes prisoners/convicts, mercenaries, and Arab recruits during the Moroccan War of Succession and its Spanish-Moroccan War of 1902[12] where they landed on the shores of Casablanca despite tough conditions such as famine, dehydration, and other desert-related health issues that slows down its effort to conquer the Sultanate of Morocco while rival tribes are reluctant to ally with them[13], in turn, they began to march into Fez[14] from where they start to besiege the capital until the concluding Treaty of Seville in 1906 which led to formation of Spanish colony of Mauretania and the exile of Sultan Hasan. The long-term impact of successful adventures in Africa had make little impact on diminishing power of Spain.
Although the disastrous war in 1898[15] has also led to Spaniards to acknowledge its status as secondary European power while these colonies have been weathered from its disastrous collapse in the wake of losing colonies of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, the Philippines, and its colonies around the Pacific to the Americans, has led to sharp popularity of republicanism and the chances of Revolution of 1924[16] has shaped the course of contemporary Spanish history as well as marks the beginning of Democratico Decada or Democratic Decade of 1924-1940 that was marked by not only establishment of another modern democratic republican constitution
which led to series of drastic economic, political, and social reforms but a wave of violence between the sides which led to series of violent elections of 1936 and the subsequent Socialista Uprising in the late August has pushed Niceto-Alcala Zamora back into power with the help of Francoists[17].
However, into the mid-20th century, Spanish colony of Congo has seen huge numbers of student protests amid calls for independence referendum which led to peaceful tranisition in the 1975 which led to formation of Federal Republic of Congo and Greater Gabon that became key players alongside with South Africa, Equatorial Africa, and Swahili Dominion (East Africa)[18] in driving greater prosperity amid economic growth that led to tremendous growth of continental African influence into rest of the world by the 21st century.
FOOTNOTES/REFERENCES:
[1] - fictional name
[2] - Spain has gained notoriety in backing the British explorer who had explored through the interiors of Congo Basin in the TTL following Belgian monarch's dreams of gaining a colonial foothold was cut short.
[3] - Referring to Napoleonic Wars as well as Peninsular War and political crises that led to Spanish American Wars of Independence
[3a] - Spain has gained an upper hand in Congo Basin after Alfonso XII earned after Hentry M. Stanley put under contract of the same fake/disguised company of International African Association and the International Association of the Congo, a philanthropic organization which the project was abandoned after Leopold II death and in OTL, the organization has formed at the request of Belgian king Leopold II which led to formation of International African Association after Brussels Geographic Conference.
[3b] - A country with OTL Central African Republic and Chad
[4] - The PoD is Belgian king had contracted pneumonia, same for his son, Prince Leopold, Duke of Brabant which the sporadic pneumonia outbreak was widespread
[5] - Spain had lay its claim on Congo Free State in TTL instead of Belgium while uplifting the native Congolese out from barbarism and squalor amid upbringing them into economic prosperity unlike the Belgians in OTL
[6a] - Due to early butterflies, the Spanish had looked to emancipados or freed slaves and people of color in the Caribbean, as well as wealthy planters to Congo to spread Catholicism and Hispanic culture to its inhabitants, learn more about the journal involving the OTL Spanish colony of Equatorial Guinea
[6b] - OTL Kinshasa
[6c] - OTL History of Equatorial Guinea with involving Cubans, Filipinos, Spaniards of various colors deported for political reasons or other crimes and some assisted settlers.
[7] - Another PoD is failed violent rebellion in which Rizal was chosen by Governor Ramon Blanco to exile in Alfonsovilla, butterflying the awaited execution that supposed to be happened in OTL
[8] - OTL University of Kinshasa
[9] - OTL Congo Crisis, but with low-level conflict that prevented its transition to independence
[10] - OTL Evolué, native African or Asian who had "evolved" by becoming Europeanized through education or assimilation and had accepted European values and patterns of behavior.
[11] - OTL Shinkolobwe
[12] - TTL version
[13] - In OTL, Spain is largely uninterested in investing into Scramble for Africa but cautious regarding the situation as the Britain has its own possessions within the Straits of Gibraltar as it warned France of not offending them which in fact that they are seeking an ally with the Sultan until Treaty of Fez and subsequent treaties with France in 1912
[14] - In TTL, the earliest version of Second Melillan campaign that led to competent officials to send thousands of trained and well-equipped troops with basic maps unlike in OTL which they hunt down the local Riffians
[15] - OTL Spanish-American War
[16] - OTL Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera until in these numbers of series of protests which his prime ministership and the monarchy becomes unpopular among civilians, politicians, and the military ranks that led to violent demonstrations, culminating the beginning of Second Spanish Republic
[17] - OTL Francoism, organic totalitarian democracy with limited pluralism in OTL which includes integralism
[18] - East African Federation
PRELUDE:
PRELUDE:
Madrid at the Berlin Conference and how they experienced rebounding of its empire including the Congo and how they transition into a liberal democratic republic
Published by Leonard Ruiz[1], University of Boston, 1993 A.D.
Published by Leonard Ruiz[1], University of Boston, 1993 A.D.
Mikhail Suslov of the Soviet Union said:
Patricio Lumumba said:
Alfonsovilla, circa 2004 prior to naming referendum that reverted back to Kinshasa and the capital of Congo-Gabonia
From the perspective: For nearly after 70 years since the Napoleonic Wars which had not only shaped the course of Western history but also created a very tremendous impact on Spanish faltering status as superpower since at its very height of 16th to 17th centuries from which the empire had controlled from the fringes of the Aridoamerica, Colorado, and Florida which is now the Southwestern and Southeastern United States through the Caribbean islands and Greater Antilles and then through Mesoamerica and into the Andes portions and into La Plata while also conquered the Philippine islands that the Spaniards had reached its apex until the Thirty and Eighty Years' Wars which soon proved that Spain plunges into centuries of slow decline until the rise of Napoleon and the Peninsular War had annihilated
and humiliated its declining power.
But also, the implications has led to losses of Spanish colonies of New Spain, Peru, New Granada, and La Plata to rebels who fought for independence inspired by events of American and French revolutions as well as influences from the Enlightenment has created several countries out of former Spanish colonies such as Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and others while the empire which has been severely paralyzed has been reduced to colonies of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, and Virgin Islands after the Latin American Wars of Independence and failure of adoption of Constitution of 1812 which explains how diminished power has slided into absolutist restoration ruled by Ferdinand VII of Spain until the ascension of Queen Isabella II and the Carlist Wars that exposes vulnerability in the fragile political system amid rising political unrest while the Conservative retrenchment under Moderate Party began after passing of constitution of 1837 while Progressive Period which the Spaniards had attempting to suppress the revolts from Cuba in the mid-19th century which the Cuban wealthy planters had launched a revolutionary uprising against the Captaincy-General, culminating in Ten Years' War and the backlash has led to Glorious Revolution and the exile of Queen Isabella II.
Spanish King Alfonso XII in portrait
In the infamous part of Berlin Conference in 1884-1885, King Alfonso XII has sarcasm to Otto von Bismarck[2], the chancellor of the German Empire during the negotiations which he stated "If... we need to learn about history from the deserts of Alawite Moroccans before we could be able to restore our power since our great grandparents has failed to protect our sacred motherland which meant that our colonies in Americas went lost... we need it"[3a] which the historians had invoked the sarcastic speech as multitude attempts to bring its status back.
Berlin Conference which had shaped the course of world history and has profound impact on African history as well
However, the Spanish King Alfonso XII wants Congo Basin as he suggested after British explorer Henry M. Stanley had reached out while visiting to Madrid as well after he explored the entirety of Congo Basin while searching for missionary and explorer David Livingstone and known for exploring into source of Nile, which the ambitious Spanish King had approached him under the disguise of international scientific and philanthropic association known as International African Association.
In exchange for issuing contracts with the Stanley in secrecy, in hopes of opening the basin into international trade by constructing trade stations or outposts despite his secrecy of carving out a nation or viceroyalty which he sent out general's trusted adviser that puts his goal into deep question which he sent out explorer Manuel Iradier to explore the River Gabon ahead of Italian explorer, named Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza which earned a huge ire to the Paris that puts its effort into question, the source of upcoming tensions have culminated into another crisis until the Berlin Conference that resolves the issue of disputed control of River Gabon which the Spaniards had to expand the borders of Guinea ever since the treaty of El Pardo of 1778 that was nullified until the new treaty takes place in Toulouse that acknowledges recognition of Spanish sovereignty over Gabon while dropping claims beyond Congo Basin including portions of what is today Federal Republic of Congo (including former French colony which is unified) and Equatorial Africa[3b].
However, the problem is Belgian king Léopold II which his ambitions for his goal of the country's pursuing colonial adventures into Congo Basin, where his goal was attempting to back back Stanley but with no avail until his reign and goal was cut short in 1872 when a sporadic disease outbreak has spread into upper echelons of Belgian monarchy, although, Léopold II has children that he have his son, named Prince Leopold that contracted pneumonia and died way back in 1869. His tragic fate would be applied on October 17th when he had contracted pneumonia after not going outside due to ongoing sporadic outbreaks that puts himself on the deathbed at the Royal Castle of Laeken which he died later, leading to nomination of Prince Philippe, the Count of Flanders to be nominated as the next monarch of Belgium after he reluctantly accepts the offer when Prince Albert rejected the offerings in the wake of monarch's death of pneumonia[4].
Leopold II, reigns from 1865 to 1872 with his tragic death from pneumonia
The Madrid Geographic Conference of 1878 which the Spanish king had invited wealthy philanthropists, experts who were schooled in the geographic sciences after Brussels had failed to host in the wake of monarch's death has also determined its initiative to establish its front organization in efforts to gain the upper hand to colonize its resourceful rich Congo Basin[5b], but Alfonso XII's goal that his organization was humanitarian-oriented but with a mission to send Catholic missionaries in doubling their efforts to Christianize its inhabitants as well[6a].
Spanish explorer Manuel Iradier, influenced by works of Henry Stanley which led to explorations within African continent but also led to the city Ciudad Iradier being named after the explorer
Tunis in 1880 prior to Italian invasion and colonization
However, the Spanish colony of Congo is not the place for extracting Ivory and other rich minerals but the law that bans slavery following the Spanish liberals took power before and instead, the emancipados and guest workers as well as forced laborers which composed of convicts from Spanish colonies of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines whom of forced laborers are those who were participated in such failed rebellions against the Spanish rule, inciting subversion, or conspiring to instigate chaos against the government which mostly Filipino nationalists and natives who were collaborated of whom they were deported en masse to the Spanish colonies of Congo
and Equatorial Guinea[6c].
The famous Filipino poet, José Rizal noted with "there are lots of people, mostly came from the sacred blood of my Pearl of the Orient which puts under painful sufferings including these Aetas coming from mountainous regions and Pampanga that they were forced to work for luxurious riches of Ivory and other rich natural wealth that they are hungry for devouring[7]", his statements found on the book that shows the plight of how the native Filipino prisoners forced to work on Congolese mining fields after deportations. However, historians and scholars claimed these policies were ruthlessly repressive when it comes to how the Spanish government at the time had treated the Cuban rebels, native Filipinos, and those accuse of committing subversive acts against the government has been terrible when it comes to how they were forced to perform government initiatives such as extracting natural rubber and ivory resources as well as building railroads has which modern-day historians and politicians have been always make calls for issuing apology for harsh treatment, goes for same as those native Congolese peoples.
The Spanish Governor-General in the Philippines recommended the monarch to construct large European-style architectural university building which is named as University of Spanish Congo[8] (Universidad Españoles Congoleño) before renaming into University of Congo where thousands of young native Filipino students could be flocked into the university in Alfonsovilla which led to rise of figures such as Carlos Garcia and others which propelled and drive the colony into its independence in 1975 but although in the 1960s, it was a very tumultous decade for Spaniards to deal with the growing changes that threaten to derail the almost declining empire.
Student and Movimiento Nacional Congoleño-led protests where demonstrators facing with the Fuerza Seguridad troops
On the other hand, the Spaniards also had led its 17,000 forces which includes prisoners/convicts, mercenaries, and Arab recruits during the Moroccan War of Succession and its Spanish-Moroccan War of 1902[12] where they landed on the shores of Casablanca despite tough conditions such as famine, dehydration, and other desert-related health issues that slows down its effort to conquer the Sultanate of Morocco while rival tribes are reluctant to ally with them[13], in turn, they began to march into Fez[14] from where they start to besiege the capital until the concluding Treaty of Seville in 1906 which led to formation of Spanish colony of Mauretania and the exile of Sultan Hasan. The long-term impact of successful adventures in Africa had make little impact on diminishing power of Spain.
Although the disastrous war in 1898[15] has also led to Spaniards to acknowledge its status as secondary European power while these colonies have been weathered from its disastrous collapse in the wake of losing colonies of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, the Philippines, and its colonies around the Pacific to the Americans, has led to sharp popularity of republicanism and the chances of Revolution of 1924[16] has shaped the course of contemporary Spanish history as well as marks the beginning of Democratico Decada or Democratic Decade of 1924-1940 that was marked by not only establishment of another modern democratic republican constitution
which led to series of drastic economic, political, and social reforms but a wave of violence between the sides which led to series of violent elections of 1936 and the subsequent Socialista Uprising in the late August has pushed Niceto-Alcala Zamora back into power with the help of Francoists[17].
However, into the mid-20th century, Spanish colony of Congo has seen huge numbers of student protests amid calls for independence referendum which led to peaceful tranisition in the 1975 which led to formation of Federal Republic of Congo and Greater Gabon that became key players alongside with South Africa, Equatorial Africa, and Swahili Dominion (East Africa)[18] in driving greater prosperity amid economic growth that led to tremendous growth of continental African influence into rest of the world by the 21st century.
FOOTNOTES/REFERENCES:
[1] - fictional name
[2] - Spain has gained notoriety in backing the British explorer who had explored through the interiors of Congo Basin in the TTL following Belgian monarch's dreams of gaining a colonial foothold was cut short.
[3] - Referring to Napoleonic Wars as well as Peninsular War and political crises that led to Spanish American Wars of Independence
[3a] - Spain has gained an upper hand in Congo Basin after Alfonso XII earned after Hentry M. Stanley put under contract of the same fake/disguised company of International African Association and the International Association of the Congo, a philanthropic organization which the project was abandoned after Leopold II death and in OTL, the organization has formed at the request of Belgian king Leopold II which led to formation of International African Association after Brussels Geographic Conference.
[3b] - A country with OTL Central African Republic and Chad
[4] - The PoD is Belgian king had contracted pneumonia, same for his son, Prince Leopold, Duke of Brabant which the sporadic pneumonia outbreak was widespread
[5] - Spain had lay its claim on Congo Free State in TTL instead of Belgium while uplifting the native Congolese out from barbarism and squalor amid upbringing them into economic prosperity unlike the Belgians in OTL
[6a] - Due to early butterflies, the Spanish had looked to emancipados or freed slaves and people of color in the Caribbean, as well as wealthy planters to Congo to spread Catholicism and Hispanic culture to its inhabitants, learn more about the journal involving the OTL Spanish colony of Equatorial Guinea
[6b] - OTL Kinshasa
[6c] - OTL History of Equatorial Guinea with involving Cubans, Filipinos, Spaniards of various colors deported for political reasons or other crimes and some assisted settlers.
[7] - Another PoD is failed violent rebellion in which Rizal was chosen by Governor Ramon Blanco to exile in Alfonsovilla, butterflying the awaited execution that supposed to be happened in OTL
[8] - OTL University of Kinshasa
[9] - OTL Congo Crisis, but with low-level conflict that prevented its transition to independence
[10] - OTL Evolué, native African or Asian who had "evolved" by becoming Europeanized through education or assimilation and had accepted European values and patterns of behavior.
[11] - OTL Shinkolobwe
[12] - TTL version
[13] - In OTL, Spain is largely uninterested in investing into Scramble for Africa but cautious regarding the situation as the Britain has its own possessions within the Straits of Gibraltar as it warned France of not offending them which in fact that they are seeking an ally with the Sultan until Treaty of Fez and subsequent treaties with France in 1912
[14] - In TTL, the earliest version of Second Melillan campaign that led to competent officials to send thousands of trained and well-equipped troops with basic maps unlike in OTL which they hunt down the local Riffians
[15] - OTL Spanish-American War
[16] - OTL Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera until in these numbers of series of protests which his prime ministership and the monarchy becomes unpopular among civilians, politicians, and the military ranks that led to violent demonstrations, culminating the beginning of Second Spanish Republic
[17] - OTL Francoism, organic totalitarian democracy with limited pluralism in OTL which includes integralism
[18] - East African Federation
Last edited:
