What would have been the laws against indentured servants post slavery abolition in the US?

For decades after Britain banned slavery in its possession in 1833 it practiced widespread indentured servitude. Sending thousands of Indians and other Asians to work in its colonies.

Could an accommodation to the South have ever been made whereby slavery would still be abolished but a system of mass indentured servitude implemented to take its place?
 
Most of the northern "free" states that abolished slavery in the antebellum period did something like this. The usual pattern was:
  • Children born to slave parents after the effective date of the legislation would become "apprentices" or "indentured servants" instead of slaves and would be freed upon reaching a certain age (ranging from 21 to 28).
  • Existing slaves would remain slaves under the law, but in most states there was a second round of legislation (something like 20-40 years later) to either free the remaining slaves or change their status to "permanent apprentices".
Sadly, a lot of slave owners evaded the law by selling their slaves and "apprentices" to owners in other states.

This formula probably could have been carried over into more of the Border South (Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware) or even Middle South (particularly Virginia, which flirted with abolition following Nat Turner's rebellion) with an early enough POD (no later than the 1830s, probably). It's a non-starter in the Deep South, though: slavery was far too entrenched in the Deep South's culture and economy to abolish without federal coercion of some form.
 
While the British abolished chattel slavery, that did not stop the practicing black birding.
It seems where there is a labour shortage, problems recruiting people for unpopular jobs then to give rise to forced labour in one from or an other.
Blackbirding involves the coercion of people through trickery and kidnapping to work as labourers. Generally, persons of European ancestry, or others being paid by them, coerced persons of indigenous ancestry as labourers throughout the Southeast Pacific region through this system. Blackbirders sought laborers for several major industries or plantations.

From the 1860s, blackbirding ships in the Pacific sought workers to mine the guano deposits on the Chincha Islands in Peru.[2] In the 1870s the blackbirding trade focused on supplying labourers to Southeast Asian plantations, particularly those for sugar-cane in Queensland and Fiji.[3][4] The first documented practice of a major blackbirding industry for sugar-cane labourers occurred between 1842 and 1904.[citation needed] Indigenous persons of nearby Pacific islands or northern Queensland were recruited or coerced by blackbirding colonial Europeans. In the early days of the pearling industry in Western Australia at Nickol Bay and Broome, local Aborigines were blackbirded from the surrounding areas.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackbirding

Not to mention

Shanghaiing or crimping is the practice of kidnapping people to serve as sailors by coercive techniques such as trickery, intimidation, or violence. Those engaged in this form of kidnapping were known as crimps. The related term press gang refers specifically to impressment practices in Great Britain's Royal Navy.[1]

Crimps flourished in port cities like London and Liverpool in England and in San Francisco in California, Portland[2] and Astoria in Oregon,[3] and Seattle[4] and Port Townsend in Washington, United States.[5] On the West Coast of the United States, Portland eventually surpassed San Francisco for shanghaiing. On the East Coast of the United States, New York easily led the way, followed by Boston, Philadelphia, and Baltimore.[6]

The role of crimps and the spread of the practice of shanghaiing resulted from a combination of laws, economic conditions, and the shortage of experienced sailors in England and on the American West Coast in the mid-19th century.

First, once an American sailor signed on board a vessel for a voyage, it was illegal for him to leave the ship before the voyage's end. The penalty was imprisonment, the result of federal legislation enacted in 1790.[7] (This factor was mitigated by the Maguire Act of 1895 and the White Act of 1898, and finally abolished by the Seamen's Act of 1915.)

Second, the practice was driven by a shortage of labor, particularly of skilled labor on ships on the West Coast. With crews abandoning ships en masse because of the California Gold Rush, a healthy body on board the ship was a boon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghaiing
 
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How did the law differentiate these practices from from slavery outlawed by abolition since they came after that? IOW why weren't they illegal after abolition?
 
How did the law differentiate these practices from from slavery outlawed by abolition since they came after that? IOW why weren't they illegal after abolition?

The difference was it was "Voluntary" .

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution#Text
 
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