Some of them the rest were not conquered till the late 19th centurythe Mapuche didn't have anything valuable in the region, I think. But they were conquered in the 18th or 19th century if I'm not mistaken
with out new world gold and silver the power balance of the europan wars would go to France in the otl the Spanish and HRE in the 16th century with the wealth of the new world was what allowed the Habsburgs to go on the offensive this quick cash doesn't exist so they would be more defensive also same with the ottomans Atahualpa's ransom paid for the capture of Tunis with this the Spanish again be more on the defensive against the ottomans unless the Spanish made preferential trade deals for gold to pay for large armies even then I do not think the massive offensives we saw in otl would occurIt does make me wonder to what degree the Spanish/Portuguese monopoly over the New World stifled other states, but the native states would at worst only have to wait until the late 16th century since that's when Spain has endless committments in Europe and both England and the Netherlands are engaged in constant warfare against Spain, which did touch the New World through various privateer expeditions.
not just gold and silver but also ruling both Spain and HRE with their combined resources more than france what ended it were thrity years war and dutch war of independence which decreased their resources, territory and control while france increased herswith out new world gold and silver the power balance of the europan wars would go to France in the otl the Spanish and HRE in the 16th century with the wealth of the new world was what allowed the Habsburgs to go on the offensive this quick cash doesn't exist so they would be more defensive also same with the ottomans Atahualpa's ransom paid for the capture of Tunis with this the Spanish again be more on the defensive against the ottomans unless the Spanish made preferential trade deals for gold to pay for large armies even then I do not think the massive offensives we saw in otl would occur
Central America and Colombia had a decent amount of gold (it was a common trade good to the Maya and Aztecs, the famous Muisca goldsmiths, etc.) so they'd still have an ample supply in addition to whatever they're trading or outright stealing. Your average conquistador might be content with allying with native rebels or hostile "barbarians" and raiding some border provinces for slaves, gold, etc. like Aleixo Garcia and his Guarani allies, which would give Spain endless headaches if they're trying to sell the Inca, Aztecs, etc. goods in exchange for gold/silver. There would also of course be very profitable smuggling ventures, since even if the Inca or Aztecs are pissed at all the Spanish raids, their ports and border provinces would almost certainly be willing to ignore the government's pressure in exchange for fancy stuff, which is where you'd get conversion to Christianity, rebels, etc.with out new world gold and silver the power balance of the europan wars would go to France in the otl the Spanish and HRE in the 16th century with the wealth of the new world was what allowed the Habsburgs to go on the offensive this quick cash doesn't exist so they would be more defensive also same with the ottomans Atahualpa's ransom paid for the capture of Tunis with this the Spanish again be more on the defensive against the ottomans unless the Spanish made preferential trade deals for gold to pay for large armies even then I do not think the massive offensives we saw in otl would occur