What other unifications could've happened?

Scandinavian unification feels like it can only happen prior to German unification. Otherwise I don't see it happening. Even then, there would be hurdles to overcome.

Liberals have a tendency to be overly idealistic sometimes. Iberian Unity would require either Spain or Portugal to lose their overseas empires. Or Both. In fact the likely hood is far better if both were to lose their empires.

Pan-Scandinavianism is probably the most viable ahistoric option though. The Baltic Sea gives them a natural geographic and commercial connection along their core population regions, they have the advantage of near mutually intelligible languages and close cultural-religious basis (Unlike the south Slavs in the later case), and politically the governing structures are similar enough so as not to panic\overly alienate the elite. Your biggest hurdle is the fact that unlike in German or Italian unification (or if we want to jump back for another example, Russian and English) there isent a natural and isolated "Independece hegemon" of sorts to bare the torch of the cause (thus connecting nationalist sentiment to the institutional power you need to make it dominant geopolitically) and thus remove the question of the new Union's dominant faction. Get a POD where either Sweden or Denmark is heavily enough brought low (though not by the other) and that other goes on a major acent though and I could see a union form.
 
Both had already lost their overseas empires though. That’s partially why Iberian nationalism existed - the nationalists perceived that Portugal and Spain were in decline and could only hope to match the other European powers through their union.

Wasn't there a time much earlier when there was an Iberian Union? At that time Spain and Portugal were both at their peak. Yes it was only a personal union, but maybe with some divergences, it could become more?
 
Wasn't there a time much earlier when there was an Iberian Union? At that time Spain and Portugal were both at their peak. Yes it was only a personal union, but maybe with some divergences, it could become more?
Personally I doubt it, though those more familiar with Portuguese history could provide a better answer. “Becoming more” was precisely why the Iberian Union failed, namely the attempted centralizing reforms of the Count-Duke of Olivaras that provoked the rebellions in Portugal and Catalunya. IMO the only way the Iberian Union survives is if the Spanish court permanently moves to Lisbon. The thought of Lisbon becoming the centre of the Spanish empire was what sold the Iberian Union back in 1580, for the Portuguese elites. The question would be if Castille would accept that.
 
One can speculate on the outcome of pan-Turkism being successful and Turks of Anatolia and Central Asia uniting under one banner (heard somewhere this was the Ottoman’s plan towards the end of WW1 when they were loosing their Arab holdings).
 
I'd be interested in an Iroquois/Haudenosaunee greater union, perhaps uniting past the 5 Nations (leaving out Tuscarora, who migrated later) to include other related people like the Huron/Wyandot, the Erie, the Neutral, and the Laurentian tribes.

A union of the Maya city-states would be interesting to see, as well as the unification of the Maori into one nation.
 
You could unify Austria with Bavaria

Or the Rhineland with the Netherlands

or of course keep Napoleon's greater France
The Habsburgs tried to annex the Duchy/Electorate of Bavaria often but everyone kept trying to prevent it. As for the Rhineland, that is going to be difficult as you only got the Netherlands uniting again after Napoleon. Unless I suppose we go back far enough for Burgundy to keep trucking, keep from being torn apart by the French royals (who had basically spent a century or two trying to drive to the Rhine over entirely non-French populated lands), maybe having it marry into the Wittelsbach and getting the various Prince-Bishoprics to act as satellites.
 
If the Sultanate of Zanzibar got a better 19th century, its possible to have them control everything from Tanzania to Kivu to Uganda in a large Swahili dominated empire.
How long until the Africans overthrow them? And I don't know why they would 'unify' the area they are trying to drain of people to sell as slaves. A lot of the island and ports set up by Europeans and Muslims (just using the term to simplify the mixture of Persians, Turks, Arabs, Omani, and Yemeni in Zanzibar) had slavery as one of their primary purposes, as labor was deemed one of the most profitable exports of Africa.
 
This is very unlikely, but if you get Queen Victoria and Alexander II to marry each other (they had a mutual attraction to each other when Alexsabder II visited Britain) and create a personal Union between the British and Russian Empires you’d create the largest empire of all time. Wonder how the flag would look...
 

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How long until the Africans overthrow them? And I don't know why they would 'unify' the area they are trying to drain of people to sell as slaves. A lot of the island and ports set up by Europeans and Muslims (just using the term to simplify the mixture of Persians, Turks, Arabs, Omani, and Yemeni in Zanzibar) had slavery as one of their primary purposes, as labor was deemed one of the most profitable exports of Africa.
Dunno when or if the Africans would. Unification was the goal however. To set up a large swath of territory with client tribes and immigrants as a middle/enforcer class, and a common religion to bind the area together.

Slavery was becoming far less profitable but plantations of clove, nutmeg, cotton, and other cash crops along with mineral extraction to become new set of rentier states. If anything abolishing slavery would reap greater profits as it opens up a vast new labor force thats more reliable.
 
This is very unlikely, but if you get Queen Victoria and Alexander II to marry each other (they had a mutual attraction to each other when Alexsabder II visited Britain) and create a personal Union between the British and Russian Empires you’d create the largest empire of all time. Wonder how the flag would look...
The flag wasn't changed for Hanover when it was in personal union with Great Britain, nor did the flags of England and Ireland change when Queen Mary Tudor was married to the King of Spain. It was all in the coats of arms.
 
Just thought of one. England and Scotland. Now before you throw rotten fruits or vegetables, hear me out. What if Scotland and England had been unified earlier on with better terms? Doesn't even need to be all of it. Perhaps just the Lowlands, with the Highlands ending up as a sort of Wales.
 
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