There may also be European languages spoken. If this region is predominantly Christian, it won't be totally separate culturally from Europe as in OTL. A Christian North Africa would be a logical place for the Iberian kingdoms to expand for example.
I could imagine Greek becoming dominant in the Levant as well.
What Iberian kingdoms? There's the Visigoths in Iberia who are indeed meddling in the closest parts of Mauretania, but they're in no shape to seriously expand there. Amazigh states would likely consolidate in North Africa and adopt Christianity (if they hadn't yet) and they are likely to be enough of a challenge for the Iberians in Late Antiquity. Actually they might easily raid southern Spain and depending on how the Visigoths fare, maybe conquer parts of it (they sort of did IOTL, in an uneasy "alliance" with the Arabs).
Greek probably won't dominate the Levant; Syriac was becoming an increasingly important written language and most people in the area natively spoke some relatively close form of Aramaic. Maybe Palestinian Christian Aramaic, which is not the same as Syriac, would turn out to be the dominant standard in Palestine, coastal Levant and wherever Melkite communities are stronger (Syriac being largely associated with non-Chalcedonian forms of Christianity, though this was not universal). There was a development of a scholarly curriculum in Syriac and many Greek works were being translated, both Pagan philosophy and Christian Fathers. Greek would obviously remain known and used but largely only in a written form, and not universally anyway.
Arabic was getting somewhat more important in the timeframe considered and it may prove a bigger contender to Aramaic than Greek, though absent Islam, this would likely happen at a much slower pace and won't see the major changes of OTL (which, however, also took time and did not fully replace it everywhere; as late as the thirteenth century, Syriac was a scholarly language for Christians in some areas, and of course Aramaic is still spoken, including by a small number of Muslims).