What if the Italian army had managed to reach the Nile in WW2 ?

Reasonable, with the exception of greece that should not happen in TTL. R&R and re-establishing suitable logistic dumps will take 6+ months. Therefore I postulated in earlier posts that Italians cannot move beyond Suez before late summer 1941

Agreed re. your time-line estimation of Italians not being able to move past the Canal.

I've included Greece because there are no assumptions TTL that Mussolini is more prudent.

Also noted your point about no in depth work done on Italian naval matters... gee, what are you doing at the moment? :rolleyes:

Croesus
 
I hadn't thought about losses the Italians might have suffered in battles for Malta, Egypt, and Gibraltar, and that's a good point.

I don't think the Italians should be bumming around the Indian Ocean, but a major sortie there can accomplish many things:

1. Seriously disrupt British trade and communications
2. Savage British prestige. There are many parts of the empire that stay there out of fear of the RN. In WWI, for instance, the CP nearly had Persia, but in the end, the RN held the day. If the HSF had been raiding off Bushire, that would have been decisive.
3. Throw the British off balance. The Italians can get from Gibraltar to Suez in a matter of days, but the British have to go all the way around the Cape. Demonstrating the ability and will to hit on both ends will cause the British to disperse their forces to an extent - it will be necessary to retain the empire (point 2.), and warn off the Soviets from thinking about India.

I agree the main effort has to be in the Atlantic, but the Italian fleet is not enough to defeat the concentrated RN & RAF. This is their opportunity to reduce British strength in this theater and threaten the empire. I think my point 1. is really just an added bonus - the other two points are the real gain.

And note that I'm talking about the war before US entry. After that, they need to concentrate on the Atlantic theater.

I don't understand your point about strategic games, but war is also about politics and psychology.

No one has come out with a reasonable estimate of Italian losses in the Mediterranean: IMO, it's quite unlikely that the Malta and Gibraltar can be taken, and the Alexandria fleet evicted from Mediterranean, without any loss of capital ships.

However, the issue is slightly different: what is Regia Marina aiming to get from the Indian ocean? Disrupting British commerce is a given; threatening serious attacks against India or Ceylon is clearly impossible, same as it is impossible to force an engagement with British capital ships; shelling Zanzibar is just a pinprick, without any value outside of propaganda. I would submit that the main scope of Italian navy in the Indian ocean would be to harass B ritish trade: this can be easily carried out by cruisers and U-boats based in AOI. Capital ships would not be required. All of this can be carried out provided that Suez is not out of commission for a significant period of time.

Aden can be invested by Arab irregulars, supported by available Italian units and airplanes. Again it does not change the appraisal of war: the only real strategic value would be in cutting off another pillar of the empire after malta, Suez and Gibraltar, with possible impact on British morale. Anyone expecting more than that is playing Risiko, not waging a war.

The capital ships are required in Gibraltar, to carry out a number of strategic tasks. I fail to see why this is so hard to understand: real war is not a strategic game, and available resources must be used to further real strategic needs.
 
Agreed re. your time-line estimation of Italians not being able to move past the Canal.
Good

I've included Greece because there are no assumptions TTL that Mussolini is more prudent.
True: however ITTL he's planning the parade at Cairo, rather than looking for some way of asserting himself :D. More importantly, there are new needs to cope with (replenish and re-equip the 10th army, stock again the logistic dumps, open and secure a supply line to AOI through Khartoum and Kassala, repair and refit the naval units damaged in the Mediterranean campaign) and new strategic goals to pursue. IMHO, Greece invasion would not come up under this scenario.

Also noted your point about no in depth work done on Italian naval matters... gee, what are you doing at the moment? :rolleyes:

Croesus

No way, Croesus: the problem is that I'm no naval expert and to do a reasonable job you need a navy buff: the sort who knows all the details and more :p.
 
I hadn't thought about losses the Italians might have suffered in battles for Malta, Egypt, and Gibraltar, and that's a good point.

I don't think the Italians should be bumming around the Indian Ocean, but a major sortie there can accomplish many things:

1. Seriously disrupt British trade and communications
2. Savage British prestige. There are many parts of the empire that stay there out of fear of the RN. In WWI, for instance, the CP nearly had Persia, but in the end, the RN held the day. If the HSF had been raiding off Bushire, that would have been decisive.
3. Throw the British off balance. The Italians can get from Gibraltar to Suez in a matter of days, but the British have to go all the way around the Cape. Demonstrating the ability and will to hit on both ends will cause the British to disperse their forces to an extent - it will be necessary to retain the empire (point 2.), and warn off the Soviets from thinking about India.

I agree the main effort has to be in the Atlantic, but the Italian fleet is not enough to defeat the concentrated RN & RAF. This is their opportunity to reduce British strength in this theater and threaten the empire. I think my point 1. is really just an added bonus - the other two points are the real gain.

And note that I'm talking about the war before US entry. After that, they need to concentrate on the Atlantic theater.

I don't understand your point about strategic games, but war is also about politics and psychology.

Points 2. and 3. make a lot of sense: maybe a serious attempt to take Aden should really be considered. The blow to British prestige would be quite significant in both Arab countries and Persia (getting Persia on board would be another big bonus, since it would cut the railway from Bandar Abbas to Tehran and Tabriz, and negate one of the most effective supply lines to Russia. The problem is that the Axis cannot effectively support Persia against Russia and UK unless they first get on board Turkey.)
Internal communication lines are also pretty important, but remember that even in this very favourable strategic position the Axis still have problems in obtaining plentiful oil supply. This problem will be not really solved until they get to liberate Iraq, which is another reason for planning hard for this, and not to waste oil in the meantime. There is once more a need to convince Turkey, which has become the strategical kingpin of all the south-east theatre. Maybe I'll start offering Cyprus, Caucasus, Mosul and Salonika from the beginning.
 
Hmm. Good point re: Iraq & oil. Turkey will be very hard to win over, but this scenario may make Turkish neutrality untenable.

Iraq is pretty easy - bully Vichy into allowing military support through to aid the regime installed in the Iraqi coup, which could probably be moved up - if you can't get Turkey to join. Otherwise, Anatolia is a better invasion route.

From there you threaten Iranian oilfields, and a pro-Axis coup or change of policy could probably be easily arranged there as well. But the Soviets are not going to just stand around and be encircled.

Points 2. and 3. make a lot of sense: maybe a serious attempt to take Aden should really be considered. The blow to British prestige would be quite significant in both Arab countries and Persia (getting Persia on board would be another big bonus, since it would cut the railway from Bandar Abbas to Tehran and Tabriz, and negate one of the most effective supply lines to Russia. The problem is that the Axis cannot effectively support Persia against Russia and UK unless they first get on board Turkey.)
Internal communication lines are also pretty important, but remember that even in this very favourable strategic position the Axis still have problems in obtaining plentiful oil supply. This problem will be not really solved until they get to liberate Iraq, which is another reason for planning hard for this, and not to waste oil in the meantime. There is once more a need to convince Turkey, which has become the strategical kingpin of all the south-east theatre. Maybe I'll start offering Cyprus, Caucasus, Mosul and Salonika from the beginning.
 
In the Warship 2006 there is a discussion of an Italian "Breakout Fleet" that was intended to operate outside the Med. Had they developed this type of naval force, they could have taken advantage of the access to the Indian Ocean.
 
Points 2. and 3. make a lot of sense: maybe a serious attempt to take Aden should really be considered. The blow to British prestige would be quite significant in both Arab countries and Persia (getting Persia on board would be another big bonus, since it would cut the railway from Bandar Abbas to Tehran and Tabriz, and negate one of the most effective supply lines to Russia. The problem is that the Axis cannot effectively support Persia against Russia and UK unless they first get on board Turkey.)
Internal communication lines are also pretty important, but remember that even in this very favourable strategic position the Axis still have problems in obtaining plentiful oil supply. This problem will be not really solved until they get to liberate Iraq, which is another reason for planning hard for this, and not to waste oil in the meantime. There is once more a need to convince Turkey, which has become the strategical kingpin of all the south-east theatre. Maybe I'll start offering Cyprus, Caucasus, Mosul and Salonika from the beginning.
IOW ...

NOW, you Invade Greece ...

And you Do it wiith German Support from The Get-Go!

Hmm. Good point re: Iraq & oil. Turkey will be very hard to win over, but this scenario may make Turkish neutrality untenable.

Iraq is pretty easy - bully Vichy into allowing military support through to aid the regime installed in the Iraqi coup, which could probably be moved up - if you can't get Turkey to join. Otherwise, Anatolia is a better invasion route.

From there you threaten Iranian oilfields, and a pro-Axis coup or change of policy could probably be easily arranged there as well. But the Soviets are not going to just stand around and be encircled.
They Probably Won't ...

However, Stalin was Reorganizing his Army at Thiis Tiime, and Wouldn't Have Been Ready to Attack Untiil Mid-1942 at The EARLIEST ...

Thus, All The Axis Hafta Do is Encircle him, And Wait for him to Throw himself Upon their Swords!

:eek:
 
Hmm. Good point re: Iraq & oil. Turkey will be very hard to win over, but this scenario may make Turkish neutrality untenable.

Iraq is pretty easy - bully Vichy into allowing military support through to aid the regime installed in the Iraqi coup, which could probably be moved up - if you can't get Turkey to join. Otherwise, Anatolia is a better invasion route.

From there you threaten Iranian oilfields, and a pro-Axis coup or change of policy could probably be easily arranged there as well. But the Soviets are not going to just stand around and be encircled.

From what I know of the OTL Iraqi coup, they were completely unable to put up any kind of effective resistence against the British. It happened one year later than it would be feasible ITTL, and they were completely on their own.
Besides bullying Vichy to allow the transit of supplies and arms (and sending some smart "tecnical" advisors to stiffen up the iraqi army) I would expect that some air support is absolutely necessary. Probably some air strips can be prepared in Northern Syria by mid 1941, and some airplanes relocated there. It would not be as good as having Turkey as an ally, but it could tip the scales. The other thing I'd do is setting up an Arab Liberation Front, and start recruiting: it would not change the scenario from one day to the other, but it would be a start (and the infamous Grand Mufti of Jerusalem might help there).

I'm just barely familiar with Turkish politics in 1940: Kemal Ataturk has been dead for a couple of years, and Inonu is the big cheese. Kemalism is still very hard and pure, and one of its tenets is no revanchism and no foreign adventures. Still the events of 1940 should give the Turkish military food for thought. The Axis can make very generous promises, and can also wave a couple of big sticks: last but not least the likelyhood of creating an independent Kurdistan if the Turks prove deaf to all blandishments.
Maybe you could tell us if the Turkish military in those days was really unswayable, or if there was a chance to play some factional game.
 
In the Warship 2006 there is a discussion of an Italian "Breakout Fleet" that was intended to operate outside the Med. Had they developed this type of naval force, they could have taken advantage of the access to the Indian Ocean.

AFAIK, one of the OTL scenarios considered by the Regia Marina for the coming war featured a strong battlecruiser division to be located in AOI: in case of war against UK, these cruisers should have been cut loose into the Indian Ocean. In reality, this plan was stillborn: if I remember right, Italian naval forces in AOI included 1 light cruiser, two auxiliary cruisers (one of which managed to reach Japan!), a handful of destryers and a few vintage U-boats which performed bravely enough, but were totally outgunned by British forces. Maybe ITTL something might be done with Vichy Madagascar.
 

zarkov

Banned
The British by now are being driven out of the Middle East. The Vichy Regime is helping to supply arms to the Iraqi rebels. Also what makes it worse is that the Italian Army is breaking out into the Sinai. All of this is happenig in 1940.

So now we have the basics. The next question is what will the Italian Navy do once the Sinal and the Nile Canal are secured?

Also what will become of the British command eho was CinC of Allied Forces in the Middle East ?

Also what effect will this have on the Japanese, they now see the British Empire begining to weaken. Will they try to pressure the British into ceding land or will they wait out ?

Also what about Franco, now that the Nile has been crossed will he think about helping the Axis in their war effort or will he watch and see if the British postition is unattentable ?

 
Inonu was a master diplomat - it was he that negotiated Lausanne, and he was very successful maintaining Turkish neutrality under very difficult circumstances. Turkish sympathies were with the Allies, but after Crete there was no means of communication between Turkey and the Allies.

If really backed into a corner, the Turks would probably do the minimum required to maintain independence - which may mean joining the Axis in this case - but I'm not sure this is enough, given the counterbalancing presence of the USSR. The Turks were acutely aware of the dangers of joining the wrong side...

In any case, the Turks would not be interested in revanchism, but would probably not object to having territory given to them for what they're forced to do anyway. Mosul was included in the National Pact territory, so that's not a hard sell, and probably Western Thrace would be accepted if offered, as well as Cyprus and the Dodecanese.

From what I know of the OTL Iraqi coup, they were completely unable to put up any kind of effective resistence against the British. It happened one year later than it would be feasible ITTL, and they were completely on their own.
Besides bullying Vichy to allow the transit of supplies and arms (and sending some smart "tecnical" advisors to stiffen up the iraqi army) I would expect that some air support is absolutely necessary. Probably some air strips can be prepared in Northern Syria by mid 1941, and some airplanes relocated there. It would not be as good as having Turkey as an ally, but it could tip the scales. The other thing I'd do is setting up an Arab Liberation Front, and start recruiting: it would not change the scenario from one day to the other, but it would be a start (and the infamous Grand Mufti of Jerusalem might help there).

I'm just barely familiar with Turkish politics in 1940: Kemal Ataturk has been dead for a couple of years, and Inonu is the big cheese. Kemalism is still very hard and pure, and one of its tenets is no revanchism and no foreign adventures. Still the events of 1940 should give the Turkish military food for thought. The Axis can make very generous promises, and can also wave a couple of big sticks: last but not least the likelyhood of creating an independent Kurdistan if the Turks prove deaf to all blandishments.
Maybe you could tell us if the Turkish military in those days was really unswayable, or if there was a chance to play some factional game.
 
ITTL he's planning the parade at Cairo, rather than looking for some way of asserting himself :D. More importantly, there are new needs to cope with (replenish and re-equip the 10th army, stock again the logistic dumps, open and secure a supply line to AOI through Khartoum and Kassala, repair and refit the naval units damaged in the Mediterranean campaign) and new strategic goals to pursue. IMHO, Greece invasion would not come up under this scenario.
Right, I see your point. Well, lets line the ducks up and see which ones get shot down ITTL.

1. Italy is already in Albania and significant portions of his army are in place. The possible next moves for these divisions is Yugoslavia, Greece or redeployment.

2. Mussolini considers SE Europe as within the Italian sphere. Particularly the sphere is rhetoricised (such a word?) as a second Roman Empire, and such an empire certainly includes Greece.

3. Mussolini is pissed at Hitler for continually not revealing his moves; the occupation of Romania in particular. He want's to get his own back in similar coin.

4. OTL Italy issues the order to invade Greece, without telling Hitler, mid Oct. However Mussolini is looking seriously at attacking Greece by July and Italy embarks on a provocation campaign that culiminates in Aug by the sinking of the Greek cruiser Elli.

For (1) the choice is attack or redeploy. Taken at face value Yugoslavia is similar to Greece... except the armies bigger, as is the country. Probably not the best choice for a bully. So it's either attack Greece or redeploy (to Africa).

(2). It is difficult to see how Fascist Imperial ideology can do an about-face on Greece without losing, um, face. You could POD it such that Italy views itself more as a Med/North African power, which certainly is feasible, but is also another POD.

(3). Mussolini declared he wanted Hitler to learn about the invasion of Greece 'in the papers', which demonstrates his petulance and egoism on the matter of continually being treated like the kid brother. He want's success, but he also want's surprise. So he needs to deliver a bolt from the blue. He could attack Spain :eek: Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey or the Vichy. Turkey, Spain and Vichy are politically sensitive, and just off the menu really. As above, Yugoslavia is probably too much to take on, so a surprise attack means Greece.

(4). Mussolini will need a mucho grande victory to go cold on the idea of attacking Greece. He will need it, not in October when his divisions cross the border, but in July when his thinking starts to dwell increasingly on the invasion. ITTL by July Tenth Army is in possession of Sollum and, having been harrassed by the British all the way from Halfaya Pass, is only now aproaching Sidi Barrani.

By my analysis Greece is the only thing on the menu, unless you POD the strategic focus from SE Europe to N-NE Africa (which is certainly in keeping with the general thrust of the TL, where subgrade Libyan oil is starting to be worked and the Commando Supremo is showing itself as a more rational beast. But taking on Africa means taking on Britain... and if Italy quails as Yugoslavia, it will quail at Britain. Notwithstanding that Italo-British ties in the interwar years were warm.

Croesus
 
The British by now are being driven out of the Middle East. The Vichy Regime is helping to supply arms to the Iraqi rebels. Also what makes it worse is that the Italian Army is breaking out into the Sinai. All of this is happenig in 1940.

Crikey, I'm still plodding along, way behind, and looking at my feet rather than the horizon. As I'm starting to slow down even more looking at questions around Malta and Greece I'll start putting material on a fresh thread so things don't become too disjointed.

Croesus
 

zarkov

Banned
Yes that is a good idea my freins. Anyway with the Italian army finally pushing through the Sinai and breaking into the Middle East. The Italian Armies march foward believeing that the British are finished. The only problem is that the british Army can still fight on. The question is with the British being crushed in Eygpt and the Sinai, what is the British commander going to do to try and save the Middle-East ?
 
ITTL he's planning the parade at Cairo, rather than looking for some way of asserting himself :D. More importantly, there are new needs to cope with (replenish and re-equip the 10th army, stock again the logistic dumps, open and secure a supply line to AOI through Khartoum and Kassala, repair and refit the naval units damaged in the Mediterranean campaign) and new strategic goals to pursue. IMHO, Greece invasion would not come up under this scenario.
Right, I see your point. Well, lets line the ducks up and see which ones get shot down ITTL.

1. Italy is already in Albania and significant portions of his army are in place. The possible next moves for these divisions is Yugoslavia, Greece or redeployment.

2. Mussolini considers SE Europe as within the Italian sphere. Particularly the sphere is rhetoricised (such a word?) as a second Roman Empire, and such an empire certainly includes Greece.

3. Mussolini is pissed at Hitler for continually not revealing his moves; the occupation of Romania in particular. He want's to get his own back in similar coin.

4. OTL Italy issues the order to invade Greece, without telling Hitler, mid Oct. However Mussolini is looking seriously at attacking Greece by July and Italy embarks on a provocation campaign that culiminates in Aug by the sinking of the Greek cruiser Elli.

For (1) the choice is attack or redeploy. Taken at face value Yugoslavia is similar to Greece... except the armies bigger, as is the country. Probably not the best choice for a bully. So it's either attack Greece or redeploy (to Africa).

(2). It is difficult to see how Fascist Imperial ideology can do an about-face on Greece without losing, um, face. You could POD it such that Italy views itself more as a Med/North African power, which certainly is feasible, but is also another POD.

(3). Mussolini declared he wanted Hitler to learn about the invasion of Greece 'in the papers', which demonstrates his petulance and egoism on the matter of continually being treated like the kid brother. He want's success, but he also want's surprise. So he needs to deliver a bolt from the blue. He could attack Spain :eek: Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey or the Vichy. Turkey, Spain and Vichy are politically sensitive, and just off the menu really. As above, Yugoslavia is probably too much to take on, so a surprise attack means Greece.

(4). Mussolini will need a mucho grande victory to go cold on the idea of attacking Greece. He will need it, not in October when his divisions cross the border, but in July when his thinking starts to dwell increasingly on the invasion. ITTL by July Tenth Army is in possession of Sollum and, having been harrassed by the British all the way from Halfaya Pass, is only now aproaching Sidi Barrani.

By my analysis Greece is the only thing on the menu, unless you POD the strategic focus from SE Europe to N-NE Africa (which is certainly in keeping with the general thrust of the TL, where subgrade Libyan oil is starting to be worked and the Commando Supremo is showing itself as a more rational beast. But taking on Africa means taking on Britain... and if Italy quails as Yugoslavia, it will quail at Britain. Notwithstanding that Italo-British ties in the interwar years were warm.

Croesus

You said it yourself: "Mussolini will need a mucho grande victory to go cold on the idea of attacking Greece. He will need it, not in October when his divisions cross the border, but in July when his thinking starts to dwell increasingly on the invasion.": the mucho grande victory is Malta, where ITTL the Italian flag was raised by the end of June. Anything better or more rewarding than pulling the fangs of the British lion in its Mediterranean fortress? Now there is no need to look for glory in secondary theatres: Benito can start planning the mucho grande victory parade to be held in front of the pyramids, where he will raise the Sword of Islam saluting the new and again victorious Roman legions.

It's not a matter of being afraid to tackle Greece or Yugoslavia: there are much grander ventures and satisfactions awaiting Benito in the Middle East (and they are just there, waiting to be plucked from the trees :D).

Mind, there will be some sabre rattling aimed at both Greece and Yugoslavia (and you may remember that I do consider the conquest of Crete an intermediate stepping stone to bottle the british fleet in Alexandria, and ultimately to kick them off toward the Red sea): I just do not see the reason or the urge to get bogged down on the mountain of Epyrus when there are more significant and ultimately rewarding theatres.
Greece will be handled by suave diplomacy and naked threat (the occupation of crete will be justified by the need to avoid british violations of Greek sovereignity :D), and the Yugoslavs will have their own internal troubles to keep them busy.

IMHO, such a gorgeous scenario will be more than satisfying for il Duce.
 
Yes that is a good idea my freins. Anyway with the Italian army finally pushing through the Sinai and breaking into the Middle East. The Italian Armies march foward believeing that the British are finished. The only problem is that the british Army can still fight on. The question is with the British being crushed in Eygpt and the Sinai, what is the British commander going to do to try and save the Middle-East ?

They cannot do too much, given logistical difficulties: British Palestine should be supplied through Basra-Baghdad-Amman (IMHO, the Red sea will soon become to hot for British convoys), and the Italians can threaten an encirclement by establishing a beach head at Tripolis or Latakia. Palestine is a loosing proposition. I'd go for strengthening Basra-Kuwait-Khuzestan, awaiting the future Axis thrust into Iraq.
 
Inonu was a master diplomat - it was he that negotiated Lausanne, and he was very successful maintaining Turkish neutrality under very difficult circumstances. Turkish sympathies were with the Allies, but after Crete there was no means of communication between Turkey and the Allies.

If really backed into a corner, the Turks would probably do the minimum required to maintain independence - which may mean joining the Axis in this case - but I'm not sure this is enough, given the counterbalancing presence of the USSR. The Turks were acutely aware of the dangers of joining the wrong side...

In any case, the Turks would not be interested in revanchism, but would probably not object to having territory given to them for what they're forced to do anyway. Mosul was included in the National Pact territory, so that's not a hard sell, and probably Western Thrace would be accepted if offered, as well as Cyprus and the Dodecanese.

There will be not a lot of time allowed to Turkey to make up their mind. At best, I'd give them the 6 months between September 1940 and March 1941 (Barbarossa is still on schedule, whatever may happen in the ME theatre).
As time passes and the axis enjoys more successes, German demands will become more insistent and threatening (remember that Germany is in Romania, and Bulgaria is a very friendly puppet). In the end Inonu will have to piss or get off the pot.

PS: I'm pretty doubtful that Italy would agree to give back the Dodecannese (and in any case would be the least appealing of the slab of meats being paraded around)
 

trajen777

Banned
Question for the board - with the following componant for the war what impact could the Subs have in the Indian ocean from Suez ?? They did have 117 at the start of the war - i had always heard that their cheif defect was a slow submersal time - which in a larger ocean might not have the same neg. impact

At June, 10th, 1940 (at the very beginning of the war) the Regia Marina was composed by

trasparente.gif
◊ 6 battleships, two of them of modern 35,000 ton. type
◊ 7 cruisers of 10,000 ton.
◊ 14 light cruisers between 5.000 and 8.000 ton.
◊ 12 flotilla leader destroyers
◊ 28 modern destroyers
◊ 19 old model destroyers
◊ 69 torpedo boats
◊ 117 submarines of varied type and tonnage
trasparente.gif
 
Question for the board - with the following componant for the war what impact could the Subs have in the Indian ocean from Suez ?? They did have 117 at the start of the war - i had always heard that their cheif defect was a slow submersal time - which in a larger ocean might not have the same neg. impact

At June, 10th, 1940 (at the very beginning of the war) the Regia Marina was composed by

trasparente.gif
◊ 6 battleships, two of them of modern 35,000 ton. type
◊ 7 cruisers of 10,000 ton.
◊ 14 light cruisers between 5.000 and 8.000 ton.
◊ 12 flotilla leader destroyers
◊ 28 modern destroyers
◊ 19 old model destroyers
◊ 69 torpedo boats
◊ 117 submarines of varied type and tonnage
trasparente.gif

The point is, if Italy opened the Suez canal to the Axis, the Kriegsmarine U Boats could have joined the Regia Marina in the Indian Ocean. They operated U Boats and raiders there in OTL so with access through Suez their impact could be much more significant.
 
The point is, if Italy opened the Suez canal to the Axis, the Kriegsmarine U Boats could have joined the Regia Marina in the Indian Ocean. They operated U Boats and raiders there in OTL so with access through Suez their impact could be much more significant.

Access through Suez, and bases in Somalia or Djibouti (and maybe even Vichy Madagascar). The problem with Italian U-boats was that only a minority of them were modern submarines; the ones which were based in AOI IOTL, for example, were handicapped by their incapacity in staying submerged for long periods since they were not designed to handle high sea-water temperatures as occur in the Red Sea.

However, the other half of the question is: how many modern U-boats can the Germans spare for the Indian ocean theatre?
 
Top