alternatehistory.com

Herophilos (335-280 BC), was a Greek physician deemed to be the first anatomist. Born in Chalcedon, he spent the majority of his life in Alexandria. He was the first scientist to systematically perform scientific dissections of human cadavers and recorded his findings in over nine works which are all lost. He was an early pioneer of the scientific method. Together with Erasistratus he is regarded as a founder of the great medical school of Alexandria.

Lets say he discovered the basic concept of blood groups and his successors find out about their heritability. Now there is a somewhat useful paternity test. It will admittedly probably, as in OTL, only exclude a fairly small percentage of men from potential fatherhood.

Nevertheless research showed that countries that used this form of paternity testing in the legal system in the 1920's and 1930's saw a bigger drop in fertility then those that didn't. So it seemed to to still have some measurable effects in OTL.

Now imagine having this method well known in the ancient world and beyond. How will this effect dynastic and court politics in the centuries to come ?
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