IMHO the Israelis would get to (not into) Damascus, taking out any military installations in the region & the airports/airfields. As far as Egypt goes they would cross the canal and probably secure both sides although no city fighting - so probably not all the way to the Med, though all the way to the southern end. Definitely no entry into Cairo - just like Damascus city fighting would be a disaster for the IDF with casualties and untold civilian deaths laid at their doorstep.
Absent quick resupply the Israelis need to get as much depth as they can and do as much damage to military infrastructure as they can. It will be a race between how fast the Israelis can resupply either through their own resources and where they can get stuff vs the Arabs getting "stuff", but needing to totally rebuild their militaries - so space, disruption w/more military casualties, disorganization, trashing facilities more important.
You may see the Israelis being more selective on prisoner releases, holding lots of ordinary soldiers to trade for the few Israelis taken, and holding on to skilled personnel (pilots, technicians, etc) as long as possible. Don't know how many Israelis the Syrians had, but if Israel goes almost all the way to Damascus they will have many more Syrian POWs than OTL.
Another possible butterfly - if Israel on both sides of the canal over >95% of length, may see them say it goes to the UN not Egypt, and Israel gets to use it or it doen't reopen.