Actually in 1941 the Axis could get more troops with decent training and equipment into the field in North Africa than the Brits could given that their supply lines were MUCH shorter, as the Brits had to route around Africa, which took 40 days, while the Axis came in a matter of days across the Central Mediterranean. Once Malta is dealt with there is no threat to supply lines. The situation in Greece wrecked British forces in North Africa for a while and without Malta interdicting Rommel's supply lines Tobruk and it's supplies can be taken in August, which then leaves Egypt on the chopping block. British forces on the Egyptian-Libyan border couldn't stop him at that point, they were only strong enough to confront Rommel in November after his supply lines had been wrecked by Malta for months. Even then he very nearly beat them during Crusader. So Egypt can actually be taken in Autumn 1941. Malta was very near to falling in May 1941, the Brits had written it off until X. Fliegerkorps shifted to Greece, then they sent more convoys in because the Brits knew they Italians couldn't stop them on their own. Without Barbarossa the Luftwaffe doesn't have to leave Sicily as they can send another air corps to Crete in May-June instead. The Brits wouldn't send a supply convoy and Malta surrenders in June-July and Axis supply lines never hit the historical lows from July-December 1941. June was a peak month for supplies getting through, over 125k tons, more than 25k more than all needs in Libya, including civilian. No Barbarossa=Malta falling in June-July and never becoming a threat to Rommel's supply, he builds up the necessary supplies to storm Torbuk no later than August and it falls, then as per OTL in July 1942 he uses captured supplies and any remaining stocks to quickly invade Egypt with more forces than the Brits have in the region to commit to Egypt. The loss of the garrison of Tobruk means the Axis actually outnumber British forces in Egypt in August-September 1941.
Actually no it is not, it is the singular reason that Rommel couldn't get supplies to storm Tobruk, which bought time for shipment around Africa to arrive in Egypt and then Operation Crusader to be launched in November. Malta saved Egypt in 1941. If you look at how much damage Malta did from July-December 1941 it is very obvious how critical it was; in June 1941 supplies arriving to Libya totaled over 125k tons; by July that had fallen to around 75k tons due to Maltese interdiction, by December 1941 it was less than 30k tons. By January with the arrival of 2nd Air Fleet Rommel's supplies picked up again because Malta was bombed into submission once again and British offensive forces had to leave again. Had the Luftwaffe never left in May-June 1941 then Malta falls in June-July 1941 as they had just about run out of supplies. It was the Luftwaffe leaving for Greece that saved the Island and let it be used as an offensive base against Axis supply lines. If the July-December interdiction never takes place Rommel keeps getting 125k tons per month and can successfully storm Tobruk in August, long before Operation Crusader reinforcements arrive. Then British forces in Egypt are left outnumbered.
I didn't say the Soviets would enter the war immediately under the Axis pact, they would only if the US entered the war, while giving Germany war materials on credit. If not sent to Greece the forces in Libya get rotated out so there are fresh forces, but logistically they could not advance any further than they did IOTL. Rommel then bags British fresh forces like he did in 1942 like during the battle of Gazala and the lead up to it. In fact Rommel probably just gets two full Panzer divisions, probably the 3rd and 7th (the first providing part of the forces them formed 5th light division and the latter was his divisions from France), rather than the ad hoc forces he got IOTL. He'd get all the equipment, trucks, and supplies he'd request too. German intervention in Greece wouldn't be delayed because historically the Brits had already sent troops to Crete in October 1940, which triggered German invasion plans.
Depends, if they are left without an empire because they waited to long for peace they are just as screwed. Plus there is no guarantee that the US would enter the war with the Soviets in the Axis, especially as Soviet entry with US entry would make liberation of the continent impossible and continuing the entire war a waste of time. Continuing to fight only make sense if there is a chance of liberating Europe, otherwise it is just an expense without an end goal.
Because Britain cannot liberate Europe on it's own and continuing the war when broke and racking up debt to the US is a pointless endeavor. Might as well make peace and salvage what you can.
Very few Americans wanted to declare war on Nazi German or Japan, they had to be attacked before they would be willing to fight a war. FDR's desires aside the public and a lot of congress wasn't interested in being the first to initiate a war. They were certainly willing to supply Britain at the risk of being attacked and didn't want to see Britain invaded, but again even as late as December 1st 1941 FDR was convinced he couldn't convince the US public to declare war against Hitler. The US public only considered 'intervening' by supplying Germany and Japan's enemies. But if Germany doesn't invade the USSR and in fact allies with the USSR, then the Ameri-Left is left in the lurch, as they generally supported Stalin and were part of FDR's political base. Not only that, but the war in Europe is not escalated even further, so the US public isn't as interested in stopping Hitler, especially when 'uncle joe' is on Hitler's side against Imperial Britain. The press did everything it could to convince the public Hitler was the devil, but the public was no closer to declaring war before Pearl Harbor than they were in May 1941.
Submarines, some surface vessels. The best Soviet units would be sent with the latest equipment and probably the big night bombers would be sent, which would be actually pretty helpful:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petlyakov_Pe-8
They also carried giant 5 ton bombs and could bomb at night.
Losing the Empire leaves peace time Britain a small island without captive markets to fuel their industry. As the post-war demonstrated British industry was not prepared to deal with international competition in globalized trade with fair market access. Germany and the US (and later Japan) cleaned their clock, which forced Britain to specialize their economy in financial services. 1941 is not 1800; the Rothschilds can't finance endless wars on their own anymore.
Depends on the war circumstances, the terms, and if I thought there was actually a chance to defeat Hitler. If not and the terms were good enough I would cut bait and suck up to FDR to get subsidies to keep my economy afloat so I didn't become Hitler's economic satillite.