Hmm, the Konigsberg's 150mm guns have better armor penetration than the Atlanta's 5"/38s. The Konigsberg has better torpedoes. Favoring the Atlanta class is a higher rate of fire for her guns, and her fire control radar.
The worse the visibility is for the night scenario, the better off the Atlanta does. We know the Atlantas can take a lot of damage. Atlanta herself took a 24" torpedo and 49 shell hits, including friendly 8" shells. How would the Konigsberg class's armor hold up to the 5"/38?
5"/38 will chop her to pieces at that 8,000 meters. The Special Common will punch through the thickest part of the belt at that range. Even the Common AA will be able to rip her up, just not as comprehensively as the Special Interestingly, despite the
Atlantas being justly famed for vulnerability her belt will be sufficient to stop the 150mm at the same range. even up close (3,500m) the belt over the machinery and magazines will stop the 150mm fairly easily.
The big difference will be in weight of fire. Konigsberg will have a max firing rate of 72 RPM, the CLAA (initial design with wing turrets) can fire 200 RPM+, (CLAA crews tended to be very well drilled so it is possible that the fire rate could be as high as 264 RPM). With 3-4 times the number of shells fired the chances of a hit are obviously much greater, and with the rate of fire per gun multiple hits are also far more likely once on target.
Radar is something of a varying factor, the FuMo 21 set wasn't useful for gun-laying, but the USN was not especially solid in the use of the early FD Mark 12 against surface targets either (if it had been Savo Island would have ended very differently).
Torpedoes are always something of a crapshoot in any engagement involving 30+ knot ships. Extremely difficult to air, with even a half knot of error enough to cause a clean miss, especially at 8,000 meters (better than four miles, at 30 knots a ship can cover a lot of ground after a torpedo has left the launcher, especially if it is dodging, or trying to dodge, enemy gunfire).
What you wind up with is a post WW I design, using previous generation shell designs, albeit from larger guns, against a modern ship sporting better armor than the type in use in the 1920s and firing a much more effective shell design, especially in the Special Common (one reason the 5"/38 has better penetration is that it is a higher velocity gun, by about 15%, the other is the AP cap on the Special common, a shell designed specifically to defeat previous versions of plate, including the Krupp face hardened that the KM ship was built with).
Since the engagement range is set by the OP, and since the USN design gun can defeat the armor of the KM design while firing at least three times as many rounds per minute, while the KM ship's guns can not defeat the primary belt of the USN hull, the odds favor the U.S. ship. There is no 100% certainty in combat, just ask the surviving officers of
Hiei, assuming any got off the bridge after it was chopped to pieces by 5"/38 that shouldn't have had a prayer of doing damage (same sort of armor as on the
Konigsberg, BTW, except better than double the thickness), but the numbers lean strongly toward the CLAA.