Well not really. At least until the 19th century.
Dusty in the north, certainly, but the amount of squalor and dirt in Western European cities at that time was non-existent in the Orient. Agra was a poorer city with a poor district and such but cities like Delhi, Vijaynagar, Kochin and Fatehpur Sikri were described as being extremely clean and constantly aromatic.
The Orient? Which cities were extremely clean? Iranian, Afghani, Iraqi, Egyptian, etc cities all suffered from Cholera and general squalor.
We have firsthand accounts from the Abbasid period up till ww2 of the state of middle eastern cities in the world of Islam.
The concept that Islamic cities were bastions of cleanliness is somewhat of a false narrative. Where this came from eludes me, but my suspicion is that it comes from an anti western bias of secular scholars who projected these narratives to gain the so called edgey benefit in academia.
EDIT: Burji period Qahirah for instance was hit likely harder by the Black Plague and then by Cholera than Europe during the Middle Ages. This outbreak was likely due to the extreme overcrowding and ineffective cleaning standards.