What are all the different types of aircraft required for a CAW

Start with something to hurt other people and something to stop them hurting you (i.e. strike/torpedo/bomber and fighter/interceptor types).
Something to figure out what's going on, scout/recon/patrol and later AEW/ElInt.

Possibly specialised defense craft like ASW helicopters and AEW&C types when the capability exists.

As technology progresses EW/SEAD types to supplement the hurt inflictors.

One decent helicopters are around a few of them for odds-and-ends like fishing people out of the water, shooting up small craft that are beneath the bigger planes.
Perhaps a smallish cargo plane or two for moving stuff quickly or (one air-to-air refuelling is safe) some tankers.

It'll also depend on the role of the carrier; optimised ASW carriers will have smaller numbers (and probably older/less capable) of types for non-ASW roles.
Amphibs/assault carriers will have cargo/assault helicopters/vertis and armed assault types to supplement/support them.
 
What Period are we talking about?

1930s

Recon, Torpedo bomber, Dive Bomber, Fighter - possibly amphibian

(some of those could be the same aircraft design)

Mid 40s

Single Seat fighter (capable of being a fighter bomber), Torpedo plane, Dive Bomber

late 40s

Multirole single seat Fighter + Multirole twin seat + ASW Aircraft



50s-80s

AEW, ASW, Strike and interceptor + SAR & Transport Helo

90s -

AEW, ASW, Multirole Fighter + SAR & Transport Helo
 
sigh

What do you want it to do? Some examples:

A USN fleet carrier of WW2 was intended to find an enemy at sea and sink him, whilst preventing the reverse. It carried fighters, scout/dive bombers, and torpedo bombers. The Royal Navy combined the scout and torpedo bomber, and the fighter and dive bomber. The IJN had dedicated aircraft in each role.

A USN strike carrier circa 1965 was intended to fight its' way into the Soviets' back yard and pound Soviet shore facilities into dirt with nuclear weapons. It carried fighters, light attack, medium attack, and heavy attack aircraft, along with assorted specialist EW and reconnaissance types. The Royal Navy tried to mimic this on a smaller scale, using just fighters and medium attack aircraft.

An anti-submarine carrier carried anti-submarine helicopters and aeroplanes, and a small fighter detachment for air defence. Again, the Royal Navy version was similar in concept but omitted the fixed-wing ASW.

A later USN fleet carrier combined the strike carrier and the ASW carrier into one. The light attack aircraft became a multirole fighter, the heavy attack types disappeared, and the numbers shrunk on most other things.

Only once you've decided what the mission is can you sensibly consider the air wing.
 
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