In Europe, labor shortages in manufacturing and mining sectors after World War II caused many Western European nations to sign labor recruitment agreements with Turkey and North Africa(or to recruit labor from colonies in Britain’s and France’s case). But in an ATL, what if Western European nations de-industrialized earlier, and just simply offshored their manufacturing base into those countries(similar to how Apple offshores their factories to China or Nike to Indonesia) and those immigrants never came? How would Europe be demographically, culturally, societally and politically different today?