Naturally, it's part of Ottoman WI stuff involving very liberal butterfly net but I wonder about how will the failure of Russian invasion in 1877-78 and thus the absence of Bulgaria and the following piecemeal dismantling of Ottoman Balkans, will do to the concept and nature of nationalism in general ? It's perhaps not commonly known, but the creation of Bulgaria changed the outlook of nationalism and in general further radicalized it. Before, nation states were seen as only for the "great nations" like Germans, Russians, Italians, French etc. The recognition for Bulgaria in Berlin Conference pretty much gave a stamp of approval for every other smaller nations to strive for their own state. Absence of it would mean a setback for nationalism. So with larger states being viewed as the expected norm of the future without Balkan ethnic statelets to set the limit on how far national liberty should be taken, then how far will it be taken ? In the event where US decides to involve herself in European post Great War peace settlement to enforce her views on freedom and liberty (as a pretext), how will the post war map be drawn ? How will the smaller ethnic groups receive it and what will they do ? How will the concepts of nation and state and their relations with each other evolve down the road ? What will it do to the later de-colonization ?