If the Army coerced Congress into paying them, Congress would have to do it in worthless continental dollars, and the the army would have to threaten eg the individual states, or towns, or merchants. Id guess you might rather end up with a Junta rather than a single dictator, but you could end up with Heinleinesque goverment where only soldiers/vets can vote. Or you get several warlord states...I doubt the militia men who had rebelled because their local assemblies where being overruled would institute some kind of centralized dictatorship. The militia men where angry over not being paid what they where promised and they may just hold congress at gun point and force them to arrange a way where they are paid what is owed to them. Course the military stepping up and forcing congress to do things is in itself a really bad precident but I find outright dictatorship unlikely. (and why does everyone say someone stepping up as king as an option, I see no Potential Iturbides among the any of the notable figures dictators maybe but there's a reason almost none of the newly independent countries in America became monarchies)
If the Army coerced Congress into paying them, Congress would have to do it in worthless continental dollars, and the the army would have to threaten eg the individual states, or towns, or merchants. Id guess you might rather end up with a Junta rather than a single dictator, but you could end up with Heinleinesque goverment where only soldiers/vets can vote. Or you get several warlord states...