I disagree vehemently. 1 AD does not a European supremacy world make. I think by around the 1400s we're talking "very likely", at least in terms of a maritime hegemony, and by the time the British are conquering in India almost certainly. But 1 AD is far, far too early. Gaul and Iberia? They're barely
half of the size of some of the largest and most populous Chinese
provinces today. The Romans certainly were advanced for their time, but let's not forget the Han and Song Dynasties (Printing Press, Kites, Toilet Paper and Sewage networks, Gunpowder, etc. etc.) advancements under Ashoka and later Indian Empires, complex irrigation networks all across Mesopotamia and Egypt that were improved on after the Arab Conquest...
Ancient Greek civilization was impressive, no doubt, but it was no more impressive than the civilizations developing elsewhere throughout the world. Europe was also the great beneficiary of many instances of great historical luck, something that may not reoccur with a PoD in 1 AD.
So, so much can change.
Its true that compared to other centers of civilization such as in the Middle East, South Asia and East Asia, European civilization was relatively new (but don't forget ancient Greek civilization). And if we were to go way back in time, the inevitability of European supremacy looks somewhat less likely. After all many things could have happened to retard European development. But by 1AD, it was too late.
The point to make is that by 1AD, Rome was advancing by then already controlled Iberia and Gaul. At its height, Roman civilization was the most advanced and powerful in the world compared to its contemporaries. Since the most advanced civilization had reached Western Europe and since Western Europe had a huge advantage being not far from the New World, it was destined for supremacy.
The idea that civilization in Europe would only be a "temporary" phenomenon is pretty much impossible. When Rome fell in the West, it only led to political fragmentation but did not and would not lead to regression to barbarianism. European ascendency was assured once the Roman Empire spread civilization to Western Europe.