Vinland, Ho!

Alright, here’s this thing I’ve been working on on my own, but I’ve hit a few snags. I’ll explain them as I go, and help with them would be appreciated.

The PoD is that the Vikings kept trying to colonize North America until they eventually made it stick. In retrospect this seems more unlikely than I initially assumed, but still could be done if there’s a spin doctor or two with a vested interest in making it happen or if they bring a nasty Eurasian disease or two with them in their first attempt (which would make their second one go easier, I presume). These ideas have their own problems, though. (Now, I’m new here, but something tells me that hitting a snag with your POD itself is never a good thing.)

The way I see it, the established Vikings do manage to spread out, but not as well as Europeans do IOTL. They’re using more primitive technology, are relative novices in the ways of imperialism, and aren’t going to get many immigrants coming in from Europe. And the advantages won’t last forever; domesticated animals will be traded or stolen, blacksmiths will be kidnapped or tempted away with promises of glory and women, etc. Hell, Vinland would probably fragment into several successor states before too long even under the best of conditions (“large-scale organization” are not words I associate with “Viking”). As for immunity to diseases, Viking blood (and hence some measure of immunity to Eurasian diseases) would have been seeping into the native population from the very beginning, I’d think. And so it goes.

Every native culture that we know of in North America would be butterflied away before too long, but still, I’d like to at least know what it is I’m screwing with, and so have attempted some research into this area. The key word there being “attempted.” I have concentrated on the native cultures of California’s Central Valley on account of it seemed like it would take things like horses, iron, and an alphabet longer to reach there than anywhere else on the continent I’m planning on locating a story (more on that later), but my local library doesn’t exactly have a whole lot of information on the Pomo Indians (probably has something to do with the fact that I live in Wisconsin), and so I’ve been reduced to using Wikipedia. And to be perfectly frank, all comments about Wikipeidia’s problems with accuracy aside, Wikipedia could make sex boring.

Chinggis Kahn (Ghengis Kahn, if you prefer) has been butterflied away and hence the Mongol Empire as well, this being one of the few cases in which I believe Great Man Syndrome to be plausible. Without Timujin, the transmission of technology from east to west has been slowed, but not halted. As of the seventeenth century (which is when I intend Vinland Sagas to take place) Europe still has no printing press (and hence no protestants), European ships have no compasses (and so must travel the Viking rout if they wish to go to America), Europe is still a feudal society, and gunpowder is just beginning to make its way into Europe. And the Iberian Peninsula is unified in the Caliphate of Al Andulus. This is all subject to change, however, as I haven’t done all that much research on Europe as of yet (just enough to tell me that having the pope rule a united Europe (you know, secularly as well as religiously) simply wasn’t going to fly). Really, my knowledge of Eurasian history is pretty much limited to the Mongols, the ancient Mediterranean, and ancient China.

(As stated, I started my research on this timeline in North America, and now that that’s hit something of a dead-end, I’ve come here. So yeah.)

Once I’ve got the kinks worked out, I want to be able to write at least three stories in this universe—one in Vinland, one in a Japanese colony in California (a Chinese colony doesn’t seem likely—those people believe they already own the world, after all), and one in Tenochtitlan. (Ironically, the story set in Vinland is the most likely to be cut from the Vinland Sagas.) If it’s important at this juncture, I intend the Tenochtitlan story to involve a totally cynical conversion to Christianity by some local prince intending on creating/holding together an empire (which would hardly be the first cynical manipulation of religion in that area) (also known as pulling a Constantine) and the California story will involve the Japanese colony deciding whether or not it wants to cut ties with the motherland. (The Vinland story is a bit eh, hence why I’m thinking of cutting it.) Mostly though I’m trying not to get too committed to any one idea, in case this timeline ends up needing to be reworked violently.
 
One way you could have a Vinland survive is to have gold or silver discovered. No nation ever walks away from gold. You would have no shortage of settlers then.
 
One way you could have a Vinland survive is to have gold or silver discovered. No nation ever walks away from gold. You would have no shortage of settlers then.

Also getting Greenland to be more successful is crucial. Vinland was established mainly as a trade colony for Greenlanders to get wood. Even after Vinland was abandoned Greenlanders traveled often to Markland (Labrador) because of wood (and possibly to trade with natives). Thus getting Greenland colonies to survive and be prosperous would be very beneficial for Vinlanders.
 
Is there gold there? I don't know where to get geological surveys.

I believe there was lots of gold in the north-eastern US before it was all mined out, so maybe relocating Vinland is in order? Though that would take some explaining...

As for Greenland, IOTL it survived for 500 years, so I'm not too concerned on that count. And it will last longer ITTL, being a trading post along the North Atlantic Route
 
You could say there are a few small veins in Labrador or the Vikings could acquire some through trade with western tribes. The natives wouldn't have value the gold as currency but as decoratives; much like the Aztecs. As soon as word gets back that there's gold somewhere in the area you will have a ground swell of interest.

The Vikings have the advantages of steel, horses, and ocean going vessels but not gunpowder. They have an edge against teh natives but not a massive one. Unless disease wipes out the local populations they will have to deal with them through negotiation and treaty. Intermarriage and a mingling of cultures would seem likely within a hundred years.
 
You could say there are a few small veins in Labrador or the Vikings could acquire some through trade with western tribes. The natives wouldn't have value the gold as currency but as decoratives; much like the Aztecs. As soon as word gets back that there's gold somewhere in the area you will have a ground swell of interest.

The Vikings have the advantages of steel, horses, and ocean going vessels but not gunpowder. They have an edge against teh natives but not a massive one. Unless disease wipes out the local populations they will have to deal with them through negotiation and treaty. Intermarriage and a mingling of cultures would seem likely within a hundred years.

I don't think trade's likely soon enough to make a difference--literally the first thing the Vikings did in the New World was to cut a native in half to see if he bled like a man would.

Why did they stick it out, if they could reach Markland and kept doing it why not move en masse to the better climate?

Natives.
 

mowque

Banned
That gold is way too deep to be useful.

The Vikings simply don't have the organizational and logistical means to keep up a colony on the other side of the Atlantic. Unlike Spain and England later on, they were no direct hop to the America's. They had to rely on Iceland and Greenland, both marginal places themselves.
 
Actually, it might work, if someone decides to pan for gold in a stream and got lucky, but I have no idea if Vikings did that. If they knew the gold was there, however, the Greenlanders would come. These are people whose main export to Europe was live polar bears, after all; pretty much anything's got to be safer than that, and they need the dough.
 
There was a also problem in that Viking ships couldn't carry enough cargo back to be profitable in Europe. At that time you can still got lots of timber and furs for example, from Russia, they won't be tapped out for centuries yet.
 
Re gold - you should be looking at pre 20th century gold exploitation sites, as they tend to be far easier to exploit with basic or little technology.

For example, your map refers to gold in NZ in the upper NI. Those mines and the ones in the South Island (which should be on that map), require a huge degree of mechanisation to be economic. By contrast, there were several gold rushes in the South Island that fueled colonial expansion in the 1860s, where the initial exploitation was done by hand.
 
There was some amount of trade between Greenland and Europe, so obviously the Viking ships were enough to transport something of value--surely, live polar bears can't be that much more valuable than gold?
 
Excepting disease leading to massive deaths the Vikings are not going to be there in great enough numbers to just sweep aside the locals. A few hundred Vikings with sword and shield are simply not enough. At some point they will have to learn to coexist with the natives.

If gold or silver is out of the question is there anything else of enough value there to be enticing? Furs? Lumber? The Viking were suffering from overpopulation at home and may immigrated to Scotland, England, the Baltic, Russia, as well as Iceland and Greenland. You had a population ready to colonize, you only need to make Vinland a more appealing destination.
 
There was some amount of trade between Greenland and Europe, so obviously the Viking ships were enough to transport something of value--surely, live polar bears can't be that much more valuable than gold?
Ah, but it's only getting worse. The distance is greater, and as more of the Russian interior is opened up, and the climate continues to worsen it will drive up costs. This means there's more incentive to go elsewhere, not that there's no incentive. Note: I actually do think it's possible with certain changes, but I'm not sure if it's the Vikings that can do it. It might be better if they find more land to the south that is better climatically than where they ended up in OTL. Of course that also means they will fight with the natives more and that's a chancy proposition before disease. Even the English/French/Spanish didn't settle much until the native population died off.
 
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Excepting disease leading to massive deaths the Vikings are not going to be there in great enough numbers to just sweep aside the locals. A few hundred Vikings with sword and shield are simply not enough. At some point they will have to learn to coexist with the natives.

If gold or silver is out of the question is there anything else of enough value there to be enticing? Furs? Lumber? The Viking were suffering from overpopulation at home and may immigrated to Scotland, England, the Baltic, Russia, as well as Iceland and Greenland. You had a population ready to colonize, you only need to make Vinland a more appealing destination.

I know they can't push the natives aside--that's rather the point, really--but the nature of their first contact makes trade in the window unlikely.

Ah, but it's only getting worse. The distance is greater, and as more of the Russian interior is opened up, and the climate continues to worsen it will drive up costs. This means there's more incentive to go elsewhere, not that there's no incentive. Note: I actually do think it's possible with certain changes, but I'm not sure if it's the Vikings that can do it. It might be better if they find more land to the south that is better climatically than where they ended up in OTL. Of course that also means they will fight with the natives more and that's a chancy proposition before disease. Even the English/French/Spanish didn't settle much until the native population died off.

...Well, crap.

Alright, is there any way to get Prince Edward Island or something de-populated so that the Vikings can find someplace where they can get a toehold on the continent? Say, a freak meteor strike?
 
First off, there is gold in Nova Scotia that could be panned.

Secondly, even if its a long haul to Vinland, the stuff that Vinland can export to Europe is incredibly valuable. (Ivory, Falcons, Furs etc.)

Thirdly, I think that if you can convince the Greenland colony to migrate when things get bad, the extra 4 or 5k Greenlanders would really boost the gpopulation.

My take though is that the Vinlanders will be less about creating states, but rather as the force that would have the more developed native cultures unify into proto or actual nations. This, combined with the gradual introduction of European diseases and the gradual improvement of native tech levels (horses, metal smithing, improved weaponry, more reliance on agriculture) and the earlier knowledge of North America would make French/English/etc colonization of North America completely different. Not sure what the effect on the Aztec would be, let alone on the Maya, or even native tribes on the Pacific, because of the distance and poor communications unless the Vikings of Vinland were explorers of North America.

@smjb: At that point in time PEI was only used as a summer hunting ground by the Mi'kmaq people. If they landed there they probably could easily carve out a colony there and it would make dandy farmland.
 

Winnabago

Banned
The problem with diseases is that any guy with smallpox would probably die on the way, if he didn’t already die while in hard-to-live-in Greenland.

How about a POD with no Little Ice Age, a warmer Greenland, and thus a better voyage with more settlers and a better likelihood of diseased settlers?

Even then, even if the colonies fail, Viking technology could still survive, if chieftains got Viking advisers.
 
@ KnightTemplar:

As to colonization, by the time an European ship gets a compass and transverses the Atlantic the short way, the trade networks that have been in existence since the early days of Vinland would mean that European goods, technology, animals and diseases have been constantly funneling into North America for seven or eight hundred years (it will be rather later than IOTL, remember). The first ships to travel the Columbus route will have detailed maps of the Caribean, and some of their crew will probably be Indians themselves. No colonization will be happening--not in North America, at any rate, and as for South America, the North- and Central Americans probably beat them to the punch.

@ Winnabago:

Not if they were an asymptomic carrier, but that still creates the question of where the carrier caught it and the problem that it'd kill a bunch of Vikings too, as apparently smallpox hadn't reached them yet.


@ MNP:
Man, and here I thought I was being so freaking original! *sigh* Ah, well. I've only started reading those threads and I've already started to learn things.

Alright, here’s what I’ve been kicking around for the last day or so, then:

At an extremely convenient time an extremely convenient asteroid explodes over northern New Brunswick and PEI, flattening forests, killing lots of natives, and causing the survivors to flee the cursed place for a generation. (Um, yay?) What can I say, it’s only implausible if you run the numbers, and I find I like the idea of starting the timeline with a bang. This is very convenient for the Vikings, who find an uninhabited, fertile land to colonize, and maybe some thunderbolt iron; that’s always convenient.

Many years later amongst the natives, some people (who weren’t there) scorn the survivors’ tales of “death from above” and decide to forsake their elders’ advice and explore the so-called cursed land, discovering a large, prosperous village of Vikings. Innitial contacts between the Vikings and the natives are hostile, but eventually cool off and people on both sides decide to stop being stupid and trade.

Vinlander traders travel up the St. Laurence to Niagara Falls (you know what I mean, nit-pickers!) and south to, oh, let’s say Virginia. Innitially they’re reluctant to trade in iron, especially iron weaponry, but the embargo cannot last forever—especially not with chiefs offering a good blacksmith a king’s ransom and his pick of the local women. Natives are also eager to acquire shipwrights and domestic plants and animals—this last being relatively easy in some cases, with feral pigs spreading fast. Meanwhile, rumors of Vinlander wealth travel across the Viking world, drawing in immigrants from those distant lands (and beyond).

Eventually, Eurasian diseases begin to appear (starting with mumps, probably), but the continent is by-and-large still relatively sparsely populated, and the areas with the highest populations are also the ones likely to have the highest concentrations of European blood, due to their contact with sailors, blacksmiths, and missionaries. The death toll is still brutal, however, especially since the arrival of diseases is more staggered than IOTL.

Natives learn how to build Viking-style ships and extend the trade networks even farther, down to the Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, Central America, and the north coast of South America, where they discover tobacco and cocaine (and of course the ultimately more beneficial but boring maize). The drugs spread north, and it isn’t long before someone in Vinland or one of the ever-nearing-parity skraeling states decide to try to sell them in Europe, where they exploded in a drug-fueled frenzy. There had been trade between the continents up to this point, but aside from bishops going west and church tributes going east it had been mostly overlapping local trade networks; now trade took off, drug-fueled and strapped to the back of a Saturn V rocket.

With increased trade came increased transmission of diseases, alas, but the skraelings were ever-increasingly immune to them, and the survivors likely to be armed with iron. It wasn’t that native populations weren’t being displaced, however—it was that they were being displaced by other natives who had acquired European technology and/or immunity to Eurasian diseases and/or domesticated plants and animals. The Mississippian cultures found themselves encroached on from the north (where the *Iroquois set up their own trade empire on the Great Lakes), then from the east (eastern seaboard cultures crossing the Appalachians), and, eventually, the south. And of course from within, as tribes who learn to take up farming and metallurgy attack and conquer their neighbors. They were even attacked from the east by the brand new Horse Warriors of the Great Plains.

Adapt or die. The powers-that-be in the loose alliance of trading states that was the Mississippian culture didn’t want to adapt, but they were overthrown soon enough, Cahokia burned down and rebuilt, and the alliance itself rebuilt into a much more tight-knit federation…

In the lands of the Nahua, first the horses come, and an empire is built on the horse, and then falls. Then iron comes, and an empire is built on iron, and then falls. Then diseases come, though no empire is built on that. Then the missionaries come, many of whom are sacrificed to the gods, but not quick enough or in enough numbers to stop them. Christianity, it turns out, is popular amongst those who don’t want to be sacrificed to the gods and so social unrest grows…

So yeah. That’s just a rough draft, though.
 

Winnabago

Banned
Looks very nice, but I don’t see why the Vikings wouldn’t set out to look for wimmunz and plunder pretty quick, being Vikings.

Also, South America? That was pretty fast, wasn’t it?
 
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