I want to nighlight that there was no treaty between France and Germany. There was an
armistice, which is different. The armistice ended the fighting with the intention that there would be a later peace treaty signed (most likely with the belief that Britain would seek peace terms and all belligerents would negotiate a peace treaty).
If you want to read the terms of the Second Armistice of Compiegne, you can go here:
http://www.enotes.com/topic/Second_Armistice_at_Compiègne
In terms of the ships in Algeria or Dakar leaving for another colonial port - that may not be in violation of the armistice. Any ships at Toulon that move, would be in violation. To be honest, given that the French ships in Africa are outside the power of the Germans anyway, simply basing them in the Caribbean is unlikely cause the Germans to attack.
However, any Vichy government conspiring to defeat Hitler more or less defeats the purpose of signing the armistice to begin with. Anything overt is going to violate the terms of the armistice. Anything done covertly could be found out. Neither the Germans nor the Italians are stupid.
The most I see is that after Operation Torch, a decision is made to repudiate the armistice and send the French fleet in Toulon to Algeria to join the Allies along with most of the government and as many fighting age males as possible.