alternatehistory.com

The original meanings of many vernacular names are lost, many aren't. Classicists did translate some vernacular names into Latin or Greek when translatable. For instance, J. von Königsberg (king's mountain), better known as Regiomontanus, a Latin translation; P. Schwartzerdt (black soil), better known as Melanchthon, a Greek translation; W. Tauber (dove), better known as Peristerus, a Greek translation, also known as Columbensis, a Latin translation.

Do you have in mind vernacular names of individuals or places that are or could potentially be better known as their classical calques?
For example, some have suggested Oxford could be known as Bosporus (Βόσπορος).
I think Novgorod (new city) could be known as Neapolis.
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