Union and Liberty: An American TL

I'm starting to wonder if it isn't time to stop feeding the trolls here.

Russian Alyskia is really an exciting part of this timeline that makes demonstrably little sense to remove, as is the case with an independent California, or Baden, or Illyria, or any number of other truly innovative elements of this timeline that really separate it from just about anything on the board right now.

Efforts on the part of some to revert them to something more resembling OTL is comically unimaginative.

Let's talk about something more interesting now, like THE GREAT FREAKING WAR.

Yeah, I see no reason why Alaska staying Russian appears to mean the end of the world as we know it. Especially after it's been that way for well over a century.

Not trolling...
Seriously, has wilcox said whether the Russian Revolution will be happening/successful?

The Russian Revolution isn't happening. This is, after all, 77 years post-PoD and counting. A revolution of some kind could happen, but it's unlikely, since TTL's Russia isn't as repressive as IOTL.
 
Unless Russia finds itself in a large war with America/Canada on the opposite side or America/Canada decide to adopt DoD America’s view on territorial expansion, then having the majority of the population being Russians loyal to the current regime is essentially all that’s needed to preserve Russia’s ownership of Alaska.



I agree in regards to the “right conditions,” but in the context of the U&L universe, I would argue that the time for those conditions has passed.

That may be true, perhaps.

Somewhat unlikely? Who else would be in Russian Alaska to find gold besides Russian citizens or indigenous Alaskans? It would be one thing for an American to be in Alaska if the United States already owned Alaska or moved after hearing that gold was discovered, but if Alaska remained Russia and its gold supplies remained unknown, why would any American want to move to Siberia 2.0?

Also, the Siberian resource argument doesn’t really gel with human nature. Throughout all of human history, countries have operated on the logic of “More resources the better!” Why would Russia be any different? Admittedly, the low amount or resources Alaska has in comparison to Siberia would make the loss of Alaska a bit more “tolerable”, but at the same time, I’m left to wonder why America/Canada would even bother with a war over a region with such a “low” amount of resources (especially since American or British diplomats could probably secure favorable mining contracts/trade deals).

The main problem there in lies when the Russians find themselves running out of gold. Some favorable mining contracts may be signed, of course.
And again, let me state that war does not necessarily have to occur for Russia to let go of Alaska.


But you still disregarded Russian Alaska lasting to present day as implausible as Operation Sea Lion, when in the context of TTL, modern Russian Alaska is not only one of the most plausible outcomes (or at least it was before Russia joined the New Coalition), but it is certainly more plausible than say “Franco-German puppet Alaska.”

The problem is, even in the context of TTL, plausibility is starting to become an issue.


I certainly agree with you that in the case of a hypothetical early 20th century Alaskan War, American would most likely beat Russia, but the point I was trying to make wasn’t about military strength. Instead, I was addressing political/cultural attitudes. The Russian public (especially in a much more nationalistic era) wouldn’t tolerate their government throwing their fellow Russians in Alaska to the American sharks without at least trying to put up some sort of fight. Unfortunately for the Russian government, the lose-lose nature of the situation could become a Catch-22 that leads to revolts.

Well, what do you think they would say about independence? Now probably isn't the right time, but what about another decade or two from now?

No one said that, but based on previous statements you’ve given, you’ve implied that Russia having the economic/political stability needed to maintain Alaska as an integral territory into the modern day is just as implausible as a successful Operation Sea Lion.

Which it unfortunately is.

As noted above, why would Russia pull out of Alaska just because Siberia has resources, and what would be point of making Alaska an associated state? It would be one thing if Alaska developed a majority non-Russian population and or a population large enough that it would require self-government due to the technological limitations of the day, but based on the points I’ve made earlier, neither of these two possibilities should be a serious issue for U&L Russia.

What would be the point of keeping Alaska after all the most valuable resources run out and especially if international tensions flare up again, and if a major domestic crisis were to happen sometime in the future? If the government heads in Moscow are smart, they'll see the writing on the wall when it finally does appear.

Why would treating Alaska as an integral part of Russia (such as one would treat Moscow) not be a viable option? As Hawaii proves, geographical separation is an obstacle that can ultimately be overcome, and assuming that Alaska remains majority-Russian, why would the Russian Alaskans want to declare independence from their motherland?

Hawaii is a very different scenario, my friend. Very different.

True. At the same time though, there really isn’t any reason to assume that it would last much longer than it did in OTL.

Possible, but it may go the other way as well.

Based on various trends in U&L (both scientific and demographic), the technology could start ahead of schedule by 10-15 years without falling into the realm of implausibility.

Agreed. It all depends on what Wilcox wants to do.

As also mentioned before, actual military strength or logistics wasn’t my point. The point I was trying to make was that the Russians would be far less forgiving of having Alaska stolen from them then you assume that they would be.

For example, let’s envision a hypothetical scenario. Let’s say that an ASB-powered Canada invades Alaska or North Dakota and successfully defeats every American attempt to regain the territory. Naturally, the American public’s reaction wouldn’t nearly be as harsh as it would be if Canada conquered New York or California, but at the same time, I would argue that the difference between those reactions would be relatively moot. Americans, whether if it is Alaska or New York that is conquered, won’t be in a forgiving mood anytime soon.

I don't think they would be in a forgiving mood for a while either. But would it necessarily lead to a massive war, as some have speculated? Alaska isn't like North Dakota, btw.

It does, but because Russia has claimed the territory first, this situation is much more supportive of Russia maintaining ownership of Alaska instead of America claiming ownership or Alaska declaring independence.

You forgot to mention all the other possibilities I threw out there. ;)

There are, and as others and myself have mentioned, there’s also the likely possibility that Russia maintains direct control of Alaska.

In the short term, maybe, but in the long term? Not.

Russian Alyskia is really an exciting part of this timeline that makes demonstrably little sense to remove, as is the case with an independent California, or Baden, or Illyria, or any number of other truly innovative elements of this timeline that really separate it from just about anything on the board right now.

Efforts on the part of some to revert them to something more resembling OTL is comically unimaginative.

Let's talk about something more interesting now, like THE GREAT FREAKING WAR.

Exciting? Some people may indeed be somewhat interested in the idea of Russian Alaska surviving until say, 2000, or whatever, but I don't think the vast majority of people who do want a continued Russian Alaska quite share your level of enthusiasm, Koxinga, I do have to be honest.

And, TBH, Russian Alaska actually does resemble OTL quite a bit more than say, an Associated Commonwealth of Alaska puppet state, or a Republic of Alaska(hypothetical, of course, but you get the picture, right?).

Yeah, I see no reason why Alaska staying Russian appears to mean the end of the world as we know it. Especially after it's been that way for well over a century.

Well, nobody quite implied that, of course. :p But I can be honest and say that it is indeed starting to become a plausibility issue, and that I would prefer that the problem be addressed as soon as possible. And as I've stated several times, it doesn't have to be American. It can be any number of things, even something like what Canada and Australia were to Britain at one point: a dominion, or commonwealth, whatever you'd like to call it.

The Russian Revolution isn't happening. This is, after all, 77 years post-PoD and counting. A revolution of some kind could happen, but it's unlikely, since TTL's Russia isn't as repressive as IOTL.

The Revolution as we knew it? You may be right, it may not happen. But I am considering what could happen in the long term, and right now, we don't know for sure if Russia will stay peaceful for a few decades(and it could), or if some trouble may occur down the road which may upset the status quo.

I guess we'll just have to wait and see what happens, but even the most devoted Russian Alaska aficionados have to admit that I've brought up some pretty valid points & scenarios here. All that's left now is to see how the TL progresses.

@Wilcox: BTW, Wilcox, how's California holding up right now? ;)
 
Which it unfortunately is.

I'm sorry, but if you honestly think that Russia being stable enough to maintain direct control of Alaska of all places is just as ASB as a successful Operation Sea Lion, then any further arguments we could have on the subject will simply be doomed to go nowhere.
 
Now can we finally drop it, please?

I'm sorry, but if you honestly think that Russia being stable enough to maintain direct control of Alaska of all places is just as ASB as a successful Operation Sea Lion, then any further arguments we could have on the subject will simply be doomed to go nowhere.

*Sigh*. You missed my point. As I've indicated before, Russia doesn't have to have any major stability problems for Alaska to be cut loose in the long term. There could simply be a resource issue, or perhaps some Alaskans do eventually get the independence bug, etc. It could be a number of things, perhaps some even occurring in tandem. Okay?

I understand that some of you guys would love to see a permanently Russian Alaska, and that's okay, we are all entitled to our opinions here. But all I'm saying is that there are issues, and that the status quo remaining as it is in that regard, isn't feasible in the long term, and I have attempted to explain why that is. But perhaps it's best to save this debate for a later time, IMO, as I originally intended about an hour and a half ago.

@Wilcox: I apologize for all the clutter, btw. Anyway, how's California holding up so far? :)
 
Wilcoxchar, I've been reading this TL since the start, and I love it.

Nearly 126,000 words. This is impressive.

If there is another world war like the Great War, it can be called The World War (or the Second Great War).

Just keep California independent, because that would be interesting.
 
Wilcoxchar, I've been reading this TL since the start, and I love it.

Nearly 126,000 words. This is impressive.

If there is another world war like the Great War, it can be called The World War (or the Second Great War).

Just keep California independent, because that would be interesting.
I think California has a decent chance of survival in some form; the variable terrain that California encompasses is just too difficult for the US to conquer as a whole. If they do, it will be a long, brutal endeavor.

Most likely I see the US hacking off a few parts of the frontier (Anglo majority areas like Espejo) and possibly the north (i.e. the northern coast and possibly the Sacramento River Valley).
 
Wilcoxchar, I've been reading this TL since the start, and I love it.

Nearly 126,000 words. This is impressive.

If there is another world war like the Great War, it can be called The World War (or the Second Great War).

Just keep California independent, because that would be interesting.

Honestly, that would be awesome. Not many other TLs feature an independent California, really. :D

I think California has a decent chance of survival in some form; the variable terrain that California encompasses is just too difficult for the US to conquer as a whole. If they do, it will be a long, brutal endeavor.

Most likely I see the US hacking off a few parts of the frontier (Anglo majority areas like Espejo) and possibly the north (i.e. the northern coast and possibly the Sacramento River Valley).

Yeah. and certainly, I would think that the core of the country would be in very good shape to survive in an independent form. :)
 
Part One-Hundred Nine: The War in the Colonie
Finally done with the update.

Part One-Hundred Nine: The War in the Colonies

African Front:
While Africa remained a peripheral front for most of the countries involved in the Great War. But with the entry of South Africa into the Great War, the war in sub-Saharan Africa intensified. In the first months of South African involvement in the war, the government in Pretoria sent South African armies to defend the areas where the ongoing skirmishes were heaviest. The South Africans engaged Cape Colony troops at Hope Town on the Orange River. After protracted fighting for several days, the South Africans withdrew back across the Orange River as more Cape troops arrived at Hope Town. Further north, British troops led by Leander Starr Jameson[1] crossed into the South African Republic from Mafeking, and raided the towns of Zeerust and Lichtenberg. The raid was particularly damaging to Lichtenberg on the Witwatersrand[2]. On the other side of South Africa, the South Africans began moving east to block Lourenço Marques and secure Delagoa Bay. The siege of Lourenço Marques took several months, but the South Africans finally captured the city and secured control over all of Delagoa Bay in September of 1907.

While the first land combat in Sub-Saharan Africa during the Great War was in South Africa, the first real military offensive was performed by the German army in Ostafrika. In May of 1907 at the beginning of the dry season, the explorer and commander Reinhard Kandt[3] led an Ostafrikan colonial expedition west from Utengula. The expedition made good progress through the savannah and surprised a British outpost at Marukutu in early June. From there, the expedition pressed on with the goal of reaching the capital of British Katanga at Victoria[4], but Kandt was forced to turn back after a brief battle against the British fort at Kasama. While Kandt's 1907 offensive was stopped before it reached central Katanga, Kandt did achieve the capture of the village of Abercorn[5] at the south tip of the Bismarcksee during the expedition. Germany held Abercorn throughout the rest of the Great War.


Asian Front:
In east Asia, the war remained concentrated in the islands off the Chinese coast. In the early months of 1907, there were two major offensives by the New Coalition against Corea and the French navy in the region. The first was the attempted occupations of the rest of the islands around the Corean Peninsula. In February 1907, a Japanese naval squadron landed soldiers on the small island of Ulleung in the Sea of Japan. The island had been claimed by both Corea and Japan in the past but for two centuries was subject to a mutual agreement to not settle the island[6]. The Coreans broke this agreement in the 1890s and founded Hyeonpo on the northwest of the island. So while the island was of little significance, its seizure by Japan was seen as a great prestigous occasion for Tokyo. Later in May, the Japanese and Russian navies covered a landing on the island of Cheju. Cheju was a more strategic stronghold for the New Coalition, as it was vital to cutting off mainland Korea from Formosa and imposing a blockade on the peninsula. The Japanese force landed near Goseong on the eastern coast of the island on May 7th. The Japanese soon occupied much of the eastern half of the island. However, the Corean armies in Cheju City and on Mount Hallasan which dominates the island stymied the Japanese forces for months. Despite the attempt to blockade the island, a Korean reinforcing army landed at Cheju in late July and repelled the Japanese. The Japanese evacuated the island in August. The failure to capture Cheju greatly prolonged the conflict between Japan and Corea within the war.

As the Japanese were attacking Corea, the British fleet in the South China Sea was engaging the French and attacking their colonies in the area. As the French fleet sailed from Formosa back to Hainan, the British East Asian squadron encountered the French north of the Paracel Islands in April. The two fleets exchanged fire over the next three days, but the engagement was mostly superficial and only one French cruiser was damaged. The French fleet continued on its way and reached the port of Qiongshan[7] on northern Hainan in May. Rather than seeking a battle with the French, the British East Asian squadron was moving toward a more worthy target. On May 16th, the British East Asian squadron set up a blockade of the Pearl River Delta from Macau to Lantau Island[8]. The blockade prevented trade out of the French concession further inland on the delta, and by early June the French consul in Nansha surrendered to the British. Additional British naval activity during this time included the first action by Australasian forces in the war. In March 1907, small army of just over six hundred men from Australia and New Zealand occupied the German colony in Samoa[9] with no bloodshed. Later in July, another Australasian army landed on New Caledonia, but the army of over a thousand men were defeated by the French garrison on the island. The Australasians lost four hundred men in the invasion of New Caledonia, marking the first casualties suffered by the colony during the war.

[1] Leander Starr Jameson led the Jameson Raid in OTL which partly led to the Second Boer War.
[2] The Witwatersrand is one of the major gold fields in South Africa.
[3] German explorer Richard Kandt, but with a different first name.
[4] OTL Lubumbashi, in TTL named after Queen Victoria instead of Queen Elisabeth of Belgium.
[5] Mbala, Zambia was named Abercorn during the British colonial period.
[6] A real decision by Korea since the 1690s to stop the dispute with Japan over the island. The empty island policy was stopped in 1881 in OTL.
[7] Prior to the growing prominence of Haikou, Qiongshan was the major port city on Hainan.
[8] Lantau Island is part of OTL Hong Kong, west of Hong Kong Island.
[9] German merchant Johann Cesar Godeffroy had eyes on Samoa since the 1850s in OTL. With the British getting more of the Pacific islands elsewhere in TTL and the US not involved as much in Pacific colonization, there's no dispute over them so Germany gets all of Samoa.
 
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Well Corea is doing surprisingly well against so many enemies. (Wilcox it might be good to go back an edit Korea into Corea for continuity issues, since you have been using the Corea spelling for a while)

Later in July, another Australasian army landed on New Caledonia, but the army of over a thousand men were defeated by the French garrison on the island. The Australasians lost four hundred men in the invasion of New Caledonia, marking the first casualties suffered by the colony during the war.

For a moment there I was confused, since New Caledonia is also a British possession in North America in TTL.

Anyways keep it up Wilcox, guess we will soon be hearing about what is going on the US, and the 1908 election - I'm expecting that the US won't join the war until after the election.
 
great East Asia update, really exciting stuff there.

interested to note that the war has a decidedly naval quality in the Pacific, and that despite the war being several months old, Korea and Japan have largely skirmished over peripheral and semi-peripheral territories and neither seems preparing to attack the other's mainland home territory. Wonder if this is them acting as proxy states for their allies, or if they are simply as yet unwilling to commit to the kind of war it would entail for either to mount a full scale invasion of the other.

Also not overly surprised that a Korea allied with a manifestly more industrial and modern Alliance would fare well against a Collation made up of Britain plus an assortment of agrarian and preindustrual economies. I've been rereading Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism recently and it's been dovetailing very nicely with this TL; the author spends a lot of time going into the economies of the European powers relative to one another and it's pretty illustrative that this history would have been quite different had the industrial core simply been on the same side. Fun too that it had such a profound effect on the World-System Analysis I'd discussed here before.

So we've got a geopolitical situation now where the industrialized powers of Central Europe (Germany, France, the Low Countries [de facto; their neutrality should be understood as a kind of alignment with the core powers- it certainly would be understood that way if the other side won and was setting terms]) are competing against the less industrial, more agrarian powers on the semi-periphery (Italy, Spain, Russia, and alt-Hungary; together never quite on the same level of industrialization and urbanization as the core) who are allied with Britian, the aging superpower on its way out. In Asia, an alt-Meiji Japan allied with the Semi-Periphery is merely holding its own against a Korea who has undergone its own alt-Meiji and has, with its Core ally, successfully carved up the better parts of coastal China, which one can only assume must be undergoing some kind of (certainly fascinating) Frano-Koreanization. Obviously the outstanding power at large is the now largly industrialized and urbanized United States, who would likewise come down on the side of the industrialized Core. Semi-Peripheral states such as California, who can be generally thought of as a stand-in for OTL's Mexico, Brazil, Austronesia, and a balkanized Canada are all going to figure into the war largely outside of the calculus of the Core powers, and only as much as they are hoping to make their own minor profits by them.

One note to remember is the majority of Western Colonialism had been completed by the Great War OTL and, in all likelihood, ITTL also, even given the earlier beginning to the conflict. These wars were about reconciliation and redistribution of already held territorial gains, rather than the creation or acquisition of new ones; remember that OTL's WWI did not result in American invasion of, for example, Mexico, or German occupation of, say, Brazil. Rather, the objectives of these wars were to consolidate and essentially liquidate the holdings of the various powers in a fashion that better conforms to the reality of their industrial and military power. Much of colonialism was reconfigured away from what we think of as classic colonialism and into either internal colonialism, where the native population essentially enforces Core-driven colonial mandates and borders, or settler state colonialism, where the native population has been rendered minority to a majority colonial immigrant population. Social and political pressures within the Core states has rendered classic colonialism comparatively unpopular, making the likelihood of any Core state invading and conquering any Semi-Peripheral or Peripheral state for the purpose of bringing it into its national territory unlikely. Contrast this to the United States' conquest of Germany and Japan in the 1940's, which were core-on-core conflicts resulting in the conquer largely rebuilding the conquered state at its own expense, or neoimperial American conquests of Korea, Vietnam, Central America, and the Middle East in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, which were of this internal colonialist variety.

TL;DR: the age of large-scale colonial annexations were largely finished by the Great War, and aren't likely to replay themselves in this TL.
 
Interesting notes.

great East Asia update, really exciting stuff there.

interested to note that the war has a decidedly naval quality in the Pacific, and that despite the war being several months old, Korea and Japan have largely skirmished over peripheral and semi-peripheral territories and neither seems preparing to attack the other's mainland home territory. Wonder if this is them acting as proxy states for their allies, or if they are simply as yet unwilling to commit to the kind of war it would entail for either to mount a full scale invasion of the other.

I wonder is post Great-War Japan and Corea could possibly become partners in dividing Asia. You rarely see that in any TTL, usually Japan stops over Korea and China worse so than OTL, and when Japan is held down by Russia/Britain Korea or China industrializes and gains some spoils.

Here they both seem to be doing the very minimal to respect their alliances but not quite affect each other. At the end of the war they both feel cheated out by their allies; especially if the winner is not given a fair share of the pie. They could potentially ally in efforts to grab som European colonies or influence China their way later on.

Koxinga;6773651 One note to remember is the majority of Western Colonialism had been completed by the Great War OTL and said:
These wars were about reconciliation and redistribution of already held territorial gains, rather than the creation or acquisition of new ones; remember that OTL's WWI did not result in American invasion of, for example, Mexico, or German occupation of, say, Brazil. [/B]Rather, the objectives of these wars were to consolidate and essentially liquidate the holdings of the various powers in a fashion that better conforms to the reality of their industrial and military power. Much of colonialism was reconfigured away from what we think of as classic colonialism and into either internal colonialism, where the native population essentially enforces Core-driven colonial mandates and borders, or settler state colonialism, where the native population has been rendered minority to a majority colonial immigrant population. Social and political pressures within the Core states has rendered classic colonialism comparatively unpopular, making the likelihood of any Core state invading and conquering any Semi-Peripheral or Peripheral state for the purpose of bringing it into its national territory unlikely. Contrast this to the United States' conquest of Germany and Japan in the 1940's, which were core-on-core conflicts resulting in the conquer largely rebuilding the conquered state at its own expense, or neoimperial American conquests of Korea, Vietnam, Central America, and the Middle East in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, which were of this internal colonialist variety.

TL;DR: the age of large-scale colonial annexations were largely finished by the Great War, and aren't likely to replay themselves in this TL.


This I like since it gives California a geopolitical reason to stay independent, though likely realigning its allegiance to the US, and at the same time allows the US to take effective control of some British possessions in the area.
 
Interesting notes.



I wonder is post Great-War Japan and Corea could possibly become partners in dividing Asia. You rarely see that in any TTL, usually Japan stops over Korea and China worse so than OTL, and when Japan is held down by Russia/Britain Korea or China industrializes and gains some spoils.

Here they both seem to be doing the very minimal to respect their alliances but not quite affect each other. At the end of the war they both feel cheated out by their allies; especially if the winner is not given a fair share of the pie. They could potentially ally in efforts to grab som European colonies or influence China their way later on.




This I like since it gives California a geopolitical reason to stay independent, though likely realigning its allegiance to the US, and at the same time allows the US to take effective control of some British possessions in the area.

I agree with you on California, btw, though I think that the U.S. could plausibly grab at least some of the outer territories. :D
 
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